{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980150456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349614.3356022","title":"Distilled Split Deep Neural Networks for Edge-Assisted Real-Time Systems","display_name":"Distilled Split Deep Neural Networks for Edge-Assisted Real-Time Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980150456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349614.3356022","mag":"2980150456"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3349614.3356022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349614.3356022","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3349614.3356022","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Workshop on Hot Topics in Video Analytics and Intelligent Edges","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3349614.3356022","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057951533","display_name":"Yoshitomo Matsubara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5620-0760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yoshitomo Matsubara","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017823328","display_name":"Sabur Baidya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0245-2903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabur Baidya","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086426869","display_name":"Davide Callegaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4237-7845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Callegaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051196445","display_name":"Marco Levorato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6920-4189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Levorato","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005779128","display_name":"Sameer Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sameer Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057951533"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2864,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95520436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"21","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.8504899740219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8248026967048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.705412745475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5829325914382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.579820990562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.572260856628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.5616694092750549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.558061957359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5458467602729797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5207988023757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48567211627960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.47693127393722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.38729989528656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3736811876296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.27501508593559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.26175588369369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21805685758590698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19743844866752625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09092181921005249}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.8504899740219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8248026967048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.705412745475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5829325914382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.579820990562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.572260856628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5616694092750549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.558061957359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5458467602729797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5207988023757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48567211627960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47693127393722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38729989528656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3736811876296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27501508593559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.26175588369369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21805685758590698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19743844866752625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09092181921005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3349614.3356022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349614.3356022","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3349614.3356022","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Workshop on Hot Topics in Video Analytics and Intelligent Edges","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3349614.3356022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349614.3356022","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3349614.3356022","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Workshop on Hot Topics in Video Analytics and Intelligent Edges","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7724578674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR00111910001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980150456.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980150456.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2114623221","https://openalex.org/W2115733720","https://openalex.org/W2134797427","https://openalex.org/W2135099885","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2297325673","https://openalex.org/W2300770211","https://openalex.org/W2402040300","https://openalex.org/W2605258629","https://openalex.org/W2683470288","https://openalex.org/W2787017828","https://openalex.org/W2808052525","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W4254211330","https://openalex.org/W6725739302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3154796165","https://openalex.org/W4361251304","https://openalex.org/W3139051647","https://openalex.org/W2902693277","https://openalex.org/W4378977105","https://openalex.org/W3024547383","https://openalex.org/W4210813012","https://openalex.org/W3174690704","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W2968424451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Offloading":[0],"the":[1,14,27,31,39,76,85,91,108,111,128,134],"execution":[2],"of":[3,64,110,136],"complex":[4],"Deep":[5],"Neural":[6],"Networks":[7],"(DNNs)":[8],"models":[9,78],"to":[10,50,74,114,154],"compute-capable":[11],"devices":[12,33],"at":[13,90,127],"network":[15,65],"edge,":[16],"that":[17],"is,":[18],"edge":[19,35,95],"servers,":[20],"can":[21,37],"significantly":[22],"reduce":[23,115],"capture-to-output":[24,58],"delay.":[25],"However,":[26],"communication":[28],"link":[29],"between":[30],"mobile":[32,92,129],"and":[34,56,67,81,94,119,148],"servers":[36],"become":[38],"bottleneck":[40],"when":[41],"channel":[42],"conditions":[43,66],"are":[44,88],"poor.":[45],"We":[46],"propose":[47],"a":[48,61,121],"framework":[49],"split":[51,75],"DNNs":[52],"for":[53],"image":[54],"processing":[55,125],"minimize":[57],"delay":[59],"in":[60,145,150],"wide":[62],"range":[63],"computing":[68],"parameters.":[69],"The":[70],"core":[71],"idea":[72],"is":[73],"DNN":[77,103,113],"into":[79],"head":[80,112],"tail":[82],"models,":[83],"where":[84],"two":[86],"sections":[87],"deployed":[89],"device":[93,130],"server,":[96],"respectively.":[97],"Different":[98],"from":[99],"prior":[100],"literature":[101],"presenting":[102],"splitting":[104],"frameworks,":[105],"we":[106],"distill":[107],"architecture":[109],"its":[116],"computational":[117],"complexity":[118],"introduce":[120],"bottleneck,":[122],"thus":[123],"minimizing":[124],"load":[126,152],"as":[131,133],"well":[132],"amount":[135],"wirelessly":[137],"transferred":[138],"data.":[139],"Our":[140],"results":[141],"show":[142],"98%":[143],"reduction":[144],"used":[146],"bandwidth":[147],"85%":[149],"computation":[151],"compared":[153],"straightforward":[155],"splitting.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}