{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980503371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3347146.3359359","title":"Exploring Semi-Automatic Map Labeling","display_name":"Exploring Semi-Automatic Map Labeling","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980503371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3347146.3359359","mag":"2980503371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3347146.3359359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3347146.3359359","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.07799","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091269394","display_name":"Fabian Klute","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-3604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Klute","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien,Vienna,Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100771743","display_name":"Guangping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7966-076X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien,Vienna,Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009844686","display_name":"Raphael L\u00f6ffler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raphael L\u00f6ffler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien,Vienna,Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071390048","display_name":"Martin N\u00f6llenburg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0454-3937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin N\u00f6llenburg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien,Vienna,Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algorithms and Complexity Group, TU Wien,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026018752","display_name":"Manuela Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7964-9053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuela Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group Cartography, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group Cartography, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10996","display_name":"Computational Geometry and Mesh Generation","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8082504272460938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.7842212319374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sophistication","display_name":"Sophistication","score":0.5980330109596252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5973778367042542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5684181451797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5495697855949402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.5337456464767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5095136761665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5029978156089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4664435088634491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-in-the-loop","display_name":"Human-in-the-loop","score":0.43204373121261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37767156958580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3562670946121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3424491286277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.11564561724662781}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8082504272460938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.7842212319374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168725872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q991663","display_name":"Sophistication","level":2,"score":0.5980330109596252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5973778367042542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5684181451797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5495697855949402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.5337456464767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5095136761665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5029978156089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4664435088634491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780626000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5936775","display_name":"Human-in-the-loop","level":2,"score":0.43204373121261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37767156958580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3562670946121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3424491286277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.11564561724662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3347146.3359359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3347146.3359359","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1910.07799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07799","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.07799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2980503371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1910.07799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1910.07799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.07799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1910.07799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07799","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.07799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4961376600","display_name":"Human-Centered Algorithm Engineering","funder_award_id":"P31119","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G892565002","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P 31119","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","display_name":"Austrian Science Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/013tf3c58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980503371.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980503371.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21349157","https://openalex.org/W207813908","https://openalex.org/W1525334989","https://openalex.org/W1578612406","https://openalex.org/W1587439277","https://openalex.org/W1832306393","https://openalex.org/W1964194312","https://openalex.org/W1969744418","https://openalex.org/W1980797658","https://openalex.org/W1985369116","https://openalex.org/W1988207841","https://openalex.org/W1992210522","https://openalex.org/W2000080109","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2030974134","https://openalex.org/W2076213041","https://openalex.org/W2077925882","https://openalex.org/W2094491714","https://openalex.org/W2110282707","https://openalex.org/W2130884612","https://openalex.org/W2141138580","https://openalex.org/W2149529535","https://openalex.org/W2150801382","https://openalex.org/W2168893789","https://openalex.org/W2169753586","https://openalex.org/W2405335221","https://openalex.org/W2767474623","https://openalex.org/W2962800229","https://openalex.org/W2963645943","https://openalex.org/W4245143546"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2988036205","https://openalex.org/W2971795534","https://openalex.org/W3034806364","https://openalex.org/W3017334098","https://openalex.org/W3180931946","https://openalex.org/W2405062590","https://openalex.org/W2742935102","https://openalex.org/W1939065686","https://openalex.org/W2553307952","https://openalex.org/W3179287801","https://openalex.org/W2186790428","https://openalex.org/W1965102791","https://openalex.org/W2898555237","https://openalex.org/W3082576848","https://openalex.org/W2969282122","https://openalex.org/W2018653235","https://openalex.org/W5459358","https://openalex.org/W2265232555","https://openalex.org/W2977825354","https://openalex.org/W783443860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Label":[0],"placement":[1],"in":[2],"maps":[3],"is":[4,10,70,78],"a":[5,50,88],"very":[6],"challenging":[7],"task":[8],"that":[9,43,53,72],"critical":[11],"for":[12,91],"the":[13,29,38,55,102,121,127],"overall":[14],"map":[15],"quality.":[16],"Most":[17],"previous":[18],"work":[19],"focused":[20],"on":[21],"designing":[22],"and":[23,32,59,99,115,119],"implementing":[24],"fully":[25],"automatic":[26],"solutions,":[27],"but":[28,77],"resulting":[30],"visual":[31],"aesthetic":[33],"quality":[34],"has":[35,73],"not":[36,79],"reached":[37],"same":[39],"level":[40],"of":[41,57],"sophistication":[42],"skilled":[44],"human":[45],"cartographers":[46],"achieve.":[47],"We":[48],"investigate":[49],"different":[51],"strategy":[52],"combines":[54],"strengths":[56],"humans":[58],"algorithms.":[60],"In":[61,106],"our":[62],"proposed":[63],"labeling":[64,69,103,122],"method,":[65],"first":[66],"an":[67,92,107],"initial":[68],"computed":[71],"many":[74],"well-placed":[75],"labels":[76],"claiming":[80],"to":[81,126],"be":[82,124],"perfect.":[83],"Instead":[84],"it":[85],"serves":[86],"as":[87],"starting":[89],"point":[90],"expert":[93],"user":[94,113],"who":[95],"can":[96,123],"then":[97],"interactively":[98],"locally":[100],"modify":[101],"where":[104],"necessary.":[105],"iterative":[108],"human-in-the-loop":[109],"process":[110],"alternating":[111],"between":[112],"modifications":[114],"local":[116],"algorithmic":[117],"updates":[118],"refinements":[120],"tuned":[125],"user's":[128],"needs.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}