{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3000240292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3344429.3372508","title":"Compiler Error Messages Considered Unhelpful","display_name":"Compiler Error Messages Considered Unhelpful","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3000240292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3344429.3372508","mag":"3000240292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3344429.3372508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3344429.3372508","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Working Group Reports on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054692443","display_name":"Brett A. Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1446-647X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brett A. Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032890999","display_name":"Paul Denny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5150-9806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Denny","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008353242","display_name":"Raymond Pettit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9675-025X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Pettit","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073563217","display_name":"Durell Bouchard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41833579","display_name":"Roanoke College","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtk7j90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41833579"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Durell Bouchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Roanoke College, Roanoke, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Roanoke College, Roanoke, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41833579"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007126218","display_name":"Dennis Bouvier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3053-4850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87547150","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Edwardsville","ror":"https://ror.org/04cqs5j56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801502357","https://openalex.org/I87547150"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis J. Bouvier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87547150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018644467","display_name":"Brian Harrington","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0734-9630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799376586","display_name":"The Scarborough Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04pzgb662","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799376586"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Harrington","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799376586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108706329","display_name":"Amir Kamil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8290-6969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Kamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032981748","display_name":"Amey Karkare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-6490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94234084","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amey Karkare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009328394","display_name":"Chris McDonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4667-541X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020115127","display_name":"Peter-Michael Osera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-8339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173288447","display_name":"Grinnell College","ror":"https://ror.org/04tmmky42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173288447"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter-Michael Osera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173288447"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043638663","display_name":"Janice L. Pearce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7566-9217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99568074","display_name":"Berea College","ror":"https://ror.org/05kmcre68","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99568074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janice L. Pearce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Berea College, Berea, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berea College, Berea, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99568074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065053503","display_name":"James Prather","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2807-6042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60205797","display_name":"Abilene Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/004srrf86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60205797"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Prather","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60205797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":194,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"177","last_page":"210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8747842311859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.8483001589775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpreter","display_name":"Interpreter","score":0.7123009562492371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.6663042902946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax-error","display_name":"Syntax error","score":0.6307568550109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5590824484825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5493683815002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.4121705889701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2899054288864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-syntax-tree","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","score":0.16147834062576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08781558275222778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8747842311859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.8483001589775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122783720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183065","display_name":"Interpreter","level":2,"score":0.7123009562492371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.6663042902946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11742125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195374","display_name":"Syntax error","level":4,"score":0.6307568550109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5590824484825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5493683815002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.4121705889701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2899054288864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58646249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127380","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","level":3,"score":0.16147834062576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08781558275222778}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3344429.3372508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3344429.3372508","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Working Group Reports on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":187,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2562966","https://openalex.org/W33252908","https://openalex.org/W115905605","https://openalex.org/W198195969","https://openalex.org/W262436420","https://openalex.org/W575805992","https://openalex.org/W947098983","https://openalex.org/W1481128830","https://openalex.org/W1485489228","https://openalex.org/W1525179832","https://openalex.org/W1563185315","https://openalex.org/W1603506326","https://openalex.org/W1681476494","https://openalex.org/W1785089309","https://openalex.org/W1890241625","https://openalex.org/W1963557108","https://openalex.org/W1964103998","https://openalex.org/W1965093370","https://openalex.org/W1965854491","https://openalex.org/W1969792306","https://openalex.org/W1971642452","https://openalex.org/W1973134765","https://openalex.org/W1974047325","https://openalex.org/W1974752288","https://openalex.org/W1975487129","https://openalex.org/W1980963690","https://openalex.org/W1981635406","https://openalex.org/W1984932309","https://openalex.org/W1986204096","https://openalex.org/W1992007857","https://openalex.org/W1993199499","https://openalex.org/W1998975422","https://openalex.org/W2003229342","https://openalex.org/W2005671875","https://openalex.org/W2006631720","https://openalex.org/W2007004218","https://openalex.org/W2009908982","https://openalex.org/W2010518659","https://openalex.org/W2013935724","https://openalex.org/W2015077407","https://openalex.org/W2016457995","https://openalex.org/W2016922325","https://openalex.org/W2023735971","https://openalex.org/W2026066779","https://openalex.org/W2027518447","https://openalex.org/W2027909523","https://openalex.org/W2031206015","https://openalex.org/W2032941935","https://openalex.org/W2033432579","https://openalex.org/W2034432446","https://openalex.org/W2036955327","https://openalex.org/W2037037228","https://openalex.org/W2046341570","https://openalex.org/W2047764386","https://openalex.org/W2050390685","https://openalex.org/W2050968492","https://openalex.org/W2052977543","https://openalex.org/W2053553588","https://openalex.org/W2054122003","https://openalex.org/W2056596215","https://openalex.org/W2057833160","https://openalex.org/W2058167172","https://openalex.org/W2062315768","https://openalex.org/W2062812846","https://openalex.org/W2064296229","https://openalex.org/W2066958476","https://openalex.org/W2069163219","https://openalex.org/W2071213761","https://openalex.org/W2073689286","https://openalex.org/W2076949411","https://openalex.org/W2079166885","https://openalex.org/W2081868109","https://openalex.org/W2082719072","https://openalex.org/W2083433145","https://openalex.org/W2085971503","https://openalex.org/W2086055875","https://openalex.org/W2089736546","https://openalex.org/W2090142946","https://openalex.org/W2090655269","https://openalex.org/W2093136994","https://openalex.org/W2094269852","https://openalex.org/W2097926466","https://openalex.org/W2098374496","https://openalex.org/W2104711706","https://openalex.org/W2107979745","https://openalex.org/W2116351853","https://openalex.org/W2117968587","https://openalex.org/W2118328848","https://openalex.org/W2122537103","https://openalex.org/W2124212956","https://openalex.org/W2126460775","https://openalex.org/W2130736456","https://openalex.org/W2131809313","https://openalex.org/W2134093956","https://openalex.org/W2137196294","https://openalex.org/W2139150107","https://openalex.org/W2143417137","https://openalex.org/W2146496290","https://openalex.org/W2147070375","https://openalex.org/W2151425911","https://openalex.org/W2154948082","https://openalex.org/W2157148654","https://openalex.org/W2164996482","https://openalex.org/W2168280960","https://openalex.org/W2168603957","https://openalex.org/W2176037967","https://openalex.org/W2264141041","https://openalex.org/W2264893711","https://openalex.org/W2283236831","https://openalex.org/W2295935096","https://openalex.org/W2296095100","https://openalex.org/W2320293077","https://openalex.org/W2405351955","https://openalex.org/W2407505401","https://openalex.org/W2442858595","https://openalex.org/W2469269292","https://openalex.org/W2469877382","https://openalex.org/W2476560021","https://openalex.org/W2488899953","https://openalex.org/W2512013293","https://openalex.org/W2523566863","https://openalex.org/W2531756803","https://openalex.org/W2547436730","https://openalex.org/W2549453003","https://openalex.org/W2587751095","https://openalex.org/W2604436010","https://openalex.org/W2604953184","https://openalex.org/W2605202003","https://openalex.org/W2612252595","https://openalex.org/W2617813225","https://openalex.org/W2619920697","https://openalex.org/W2625849667","https://openalex.org/W2729177083","https://openalex.org/W2729767053","https://openalex.org/W2746633690","https://openalex.org/W2747427841","https://openalex.org/W2753916483","https://openalex.org/W2761740351","https://openalex.org/W2762541150","https://openalex.org/W2765641742","https://openalex.org/W2766624855","https://openalex.org/W2783796210","https://openalex.org/W2786754195","https://openalex.org/W2790242860","https://openalex.org/W2791265653","https://openalex.org/W2791302163","https://openalex.org/W2795628086","https://openalex.org/W2795753518","https://openalex.org/W2799855324","https://openalex.org/W2885245348","https://openalex.org/W2885271276","https://openalex.org/W2886666397","https://openalex.org/W2886783692","https://openalex.org/W2889140186","https://openalex.org/W2899324569","https://openalex.org/W2910880405","https://openalex.org/W2915219867","https://openalex.org/W2916568594","https://openalex.org/W2916594277","https://openalex.org/W2916601118","https://openalex.org/W2916708654","https://openalex.org/W2943692676","https://openalex.org/W2959891429","https://openalex.org/W2962230923","https://openalex.org/W2963074569","https://openalex.org/W2963562081","https://openalex.org/W2963916578","https://openalex.org/W2964557046","https://openalex.org/W2964564894","https://openalex.org/W2965071040","https://openalex.org/W2996492267","https://openalex.org/W2999466110","https://openalex.org/W3001615449","https://openalex.org/W4205337489","https://openalex.org/W4210379996","https://openalex.org/W4211168396","https://openalex.org/W4212962486","https://openalex.org/W4233145949","https://openalex.org/W4237281666","https://openalex.org/W4241154115","https://openalex.org/W4243484455","https://openalex.org/W4248027902","https://openalex.org/W4251415961","https://openalex.org/W4255162405","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6759101826","https://openalex.org/W6941211194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530314747","https://openalex.org/W2005927140","https://openalex.org/W1638016577","https://openalex.org/W3210858091","https://openalex.org/W4296517586","https://openalex.org/W4313167435","https://openalex.org/W2613250302","https://openalex.org/W1988370859","https://openalex.org/W3201003484","https://openalex.org/W4309285448"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diagnostic":[0],"messages":[1,11,23],"generated":[2],"by":[3],"compilers":[4],"and":[5,28,34,66,87,103],"interpreters":[6],"such":[7],"as":[8,69],"syntax":[9],"error":[10],"have":[12,44],"been":[13,106],"researched":[14],"for":[15,40],"over":[16],"half":[17],"of":[18,49,59,72,98],"a":[19,70],"century.":[20],"Unfortunately,":[21],"these":[22,60],"which":[24],"include":[25],"error,":[26],"warning,":[27],"run-time":[29],"messages,":[30,61],"present":[31],"substantial":[32],"difficulty":[33],"could":[35],"be":[36,78],"more":[37],"effective,":[38],"particularly":[39],"novices.":[41],"Recent":[42],"years":[43],"seen":[45],"an":[46],"increased":[47,93],"number":[48],"papers":[50],"in":[51,109],"the":[52,57,95],"area":[53],"including":[54],"studies":[55],"on":[56],"effectiveness":[58],"improving":[62],"or":[63],"enhancing":[64],"them,":[65],"their":[67],"usefulness":[68],"part":[71],"programming":[73],"process":[74],"data":[75],"that":[76],"can":[77],"used":[79],"to":[80],"predict":[81],"student":[82,85],"performance,":[83],"track":[84],"progress,":[86],"tailor":[88],"learning":[89],"plans.":[90],"Despite":[91],"this":[92],"interest,":[94],"long":[96],"history":[97],"literature":[99],"is":[100],"quite":[101],"scattered":[102],"has":[104],"not":[105],"brought":[107],"together":[108],"any":[110],"digestible":[111],"form.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
