{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981100315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3343055.3359714","title":"Inking Your Insights: Investigating Digital Externalization Behaviors During Data Analysis","display_name":"Inking Your Insights: Investigating Digital Externalization Behaviors During Data Analysis","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981100315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3343055.3359714","mag":"2981100315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3343055.3359714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3343055.3359714","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084668442","display_name":"Yea\u2010Seul Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1854-1537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yea-Seul Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington & Microsoft Research, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington & Microsoft Research, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068799512","display_name":"Nathalie Henry Riche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-7512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathalie Henry Riche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065644953","display_name":"Bongshin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4217-627X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bongshin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104038125","display_name":"Matthew Brehmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5524-2291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153468","display_name":"Microsoft (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04xhxg104","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210153468"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Brehmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent & Microsoft Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent & Microsoft Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019041283","display_name":"Michel Pahud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3924-1189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Pahud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036357098","display_name":"Ken Hinckley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-4927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken Hinckley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068008545","display_name":"Jessica Hullman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6826-3550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Hullman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084668442"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1134,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82376525,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"255","last_page":"267"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12720","display_name":"Multimedia Communication and Technology","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/externalization","display_name":"Externalization","score":0.8858879804611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7917138338088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.6975515484809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-analysis","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","score":0.5872588157653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5182828307151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.5165244936943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-analysis","display_name":"Process analysis","score":0.4458059072494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4406878650188446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-data-analysis","display_name":"Exploratory data analysis","score":0.4370481073856354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.40386897325515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3222322463989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.27086615562438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1934899091720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12700849771499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10093933343887329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0729992687702179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779379281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61895854","display_name":"Externalization","level":2,"score":0.8858879804611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7917138338088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.6975515484809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.5872588157653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5182828307151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.5165244936943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983072294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247257","display_name":"Process analysis","level":2,"score":0.4458059072494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4406878650188446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120894424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory data analysis","level":2,"score":0.4370481073856354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.40386897325515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3222322463989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.27086615562438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1934899091720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12700849771499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10093933343887329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0729992687702179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3343055.3359714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3343055.3359714","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516293359","https://openalex.org/W1709805170","https://openalex.org/W1805361895","https://openalex.org/W1961845056","https://openalex.org/W1968211101","https://openalex.org/W1973752528","https://openalex.org/W1978775913","https://openalex.org/W1992306856","https://openalex.org/W1992928607","https://openalex.org/W2001487069","https://openalex.org/W2009899978","https://openalex.org/W2037205988","https://openalex.org/W2044135788","https://openalex.org/W2046772289","https://openalex.org/W2048905912","https://openalex.org/W2053864527","https://openalex.org/W2054054049","https://openalex.org/W2070744403","https://openalex.org/W2072566697","https://openalex.org/W2085529605","https://openalex.org/W2087438815","https://openalex.org/W2092874619","https://openalex.org/W2094567668","https://openalex.org/W2095632701","https://openalex.org/W2096815985","https://openalex.org/W2097267403","https://openalex.org/W2104658797","https://openalex.org/W2130334143","https://openalex.org/W2131737623","https://openalex.org/W2136614128","https://openalex.org/W2138222606","https://openalex.org/W2145817751","https://openalex.org/W2145840430","https://openalex.org/W2147539779","https://openalex.org/W2147989702","https://openalex.org/W2152364132","https://openalex.org/W2154679615","https://openalex.org/W2156186295","https://openalex.org/W2294212155","https://openalex.org/W2509947681","https://openalex.org/W2593389370","https://openalex.org/W2596412070","https://openalex.org/W2610878237","https://openalex.org/W2753821824","https://openalex.org/W2912360407","https://openalex.org/W3119340533","https://openalex.org/W3186928266","https://openalex.org/W4233027318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3106582992","https://openalex.org/W2106505873","https://openalex.org/W1487661898","https://openalex.org/W4293708072","https://openalex.org/W2301896740","https://openalex.org/W4234525880","https://openalex.org/W2149507315","https://openalex.org/W2905990309","https://openalex.org/W2047528632","https://openalex.org/W2250903427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Externalizing":[0],"one's":[1],"thoughts":[2],"can":[3],"be":[4],"helpful":[5],"during":[6,37,48],"data":[7,52,197],"analysis,":[8],"such":[9],"as":[10,82,154,156],"which":[11],"one":[12],"marks":[13],"interesting":[14],"data,":[15],"notes":[16,47,83],"hypotheses,":[17],"and":[18,33,65,126,135,171],"draws":[19],"diagrams.":[20],"In":[21,105],"this":[22],"paper,":[23],"we":[24,109,190],"present":[25],"two":[26,111,188],"exploratory":[27],"studies":[28],"conducted":[29,138],"to":[30,61,119,159,162],"investigate":[31],"types":[32],"use":[34,122],"of":[35,51,103,123,175,196],"externalizations":[36,125,161,168,177],"the":[38,100,106,121,139,179,184,194],"analysis":[39,53,198],"process.":[40],"We":[41,137],"first":[42],"studied":[43],"how":[44],"people":[45],"take":[46],"different":[49],"stages":[50],"using":[54],"VoyagerNote,":[55],"a":[56,89,129,143,151],"visualization":[57,144],"recommendation":[58],"system":[59,145],"augmented":[60],"support":[62],"text":[63],"annotations,":[64],"coupled":[66],"with":[67,92,141,150,169],"participants'":[68],"favorite":[69],"external":[70],"note-taking":[71],"tools":[72],"(e.g.,":[73],"word":[74,90],"processor,":[75,91],"pen":[76,117,153],"&":[77],"paper).":[78],"Externalizations":[79],"manifested":[80],"mostly":[81],"written":[84],"on":[85,183],"paper":[86],"or":[87],"in":[88,99],"annotations":[93],"atop":[94],"views":[95],"used":[96],"almost":[97],"exclusively":[98],"initial":[101],"phase":[102],"analysis.":[104],"second":[107],"study,":[108],"investigated":[110],"specific":[112],"opportunities:":[113],"(1)":[114],"integrating":[115],"digital":[116,152],"input":[118],"facilitate":[120],"free-form":[124,148],"(2)":[127],"providing":[128],"more":[130,166],"explicit":[131],"linking":[132,180],"between":[133],"visualizations":[134],"externalizations.":[136],"study":[140],"VoyagerInk,":[142],"that":[146],"enabled":[147],"externalization":[149],"well":[155],"touch":[157],"interactions":[158],"link":[160],"data.":[163],"Participants":[164],"created":[165],"graphical":[167],"VoyagerInk":[170],"revisited":[172],"over":[173],"half":[174],"their":[176],"via":[178],"mechanism.":[181],"Reflecting":[182],"findings":[185],"from":[186],"these":[187],"studies,":[189],"discuss":[191],"implications":[192],"for":[193],"design":[195],"tools.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}