{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981930254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341301.3359650","title":"The inflection point hypothesis","display_name":"The inflection point hypothesis","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981930254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341301.3359650","mag":"2981930254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3341301.3359650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341301.3359650","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3341301.3359650","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3341301.3359650","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101772866","display_name":"Yongle Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5350-5182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongle Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078748913","display_name":"Kirk Rodrigues","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirk Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440778","display_name":"Yu Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6229-4639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033055304","display_name":"Michael Stumm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9377-2493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Stumm","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100657038","display_name":"Ding Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-7218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ding Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101772866"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6001,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90777958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"131","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-cause","display_name":"Root cause","score":0.8561428189277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prefix","display_name":"Prefix","score":0.8512649536132812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7934253215789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root","display_name":"Root (linguistics)","score":0.7267245650291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-cause-analysis","display_name":"Root cause analysis","score":0.7195031642913818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-suite","display_name":"Test suite","score":0.5756946802139282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5469520092010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.49510088562965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflection-point","display_name":"Inflection point","score":0.44061288237571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4400922954082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.39494025707244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.2383134663105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18013101816177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.17817381024360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.16043269634246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09646168351173401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84945661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7366567","display_name":"Root cause","level":2,"score":0.8561428189277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141603448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134830","display_name":"Prefix","level":2,"score":0.8512649536132812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7934253215789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171078966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111029","display_name":"Root (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7267245650291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130963320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401207","display_name":"Root cause analysis","level":2,"score":0.7195031642913818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151552104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705809","display_name":"Test suite","level":4,"score":0.5756946802139282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5469520092010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.49510088562965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74545648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212794","display_name":"Inflection point","level":2,"score":0.44061288237571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4400922954082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.39494025707244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.2383134663105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18013101816177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.17817381024360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.16043269634246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09646168351173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3341301.3359650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341301.3359650","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3341301.3359650","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3341301.3359650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341301.3359650","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3341301.3359650","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316505","display_name":"NetApp","ror":"https://ror.org/05c4cm338"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316785","display_name":"VMware","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981930254.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981930254.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W592733562","https://openalex.org/W1415938757","https://openalex.org/W1455804204","https://openalex.org/W1507573541","https://openalex.org/W1524673069","https://openalex.org/W1527417319","https://openalex.org/W1537198022","https://openalex.org/W1538377194","https://openalex.org/W1563576199","https://openalex.org/W1710734607","https://openalex.org/W1924663050","https://openalex.org/W1984248430","https://openalex.org/W2036196659","https://openalex.org/W2039157918","https://openalex.org/W2049314312","https://openalex.org/W2091980304","https://openalex.org/W2097576663","https://openalex.org/W2101819268","https://openalex.org/W2103318645","https://openalex.org/W2104696904","https://openalex.org/W2115224143","https://openalex.org/W2115855199","https://openalex.org/W2117324184","https://openalex.org/W2118315969","https://openalex.org/W2121081915","https://openalex.org/W2121204404","https://openalex.org/W2123184511","https://openalex.org/W2123511529","https://openalex.org/W2129663982","https://openalex.org/W2130473288","https://openalex.org/W2137723287","https://openalex.org/W2137839528","https://openalex.org/W2142892618","https://openalex.org/W2148329403","https://openalex.org/W2149222015","https://openalex.org/W2154698535","https://openalex.org/W2156296121","https://openalex.org/W2160975125","https://openalex.org/W2162376048","https://openalex.org/W2170224888","https://openalex.org/W2171867449","https://openalex.org/W2522585932","https://openalex.org/W2762915977","https://openalex.org/W2897044322","https://openalex.org/W2912412735","https://openalex.org/W2913256667","https://openalex.org/W4232512250","https://openalex.org/W4242838928","https://openalex.org/W4246553962","https://openalex.org/W4246906397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030594396","https://openalex.org/W2754538212","https://openalex.org/W2490884653","https://openalex.org/W4200610016","https://openalex.org/W2183996497","https://openalex.org/W129587375","https://openalex.org/W2110363179","https://openalex.org/W2056250485","https://openalex.org/W2535098331","https://openalex.org/W4255366506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"end":[1],"goal":[2],"of":[3,45,78,118,123,175],"failure":[4,60,80,125,161],"diagnosis":[5],"is":[6,86],"to":[7,93,148,165],"locate":[8,166],"the":[9,32,48,55,59,64,69,79,95,99,120,139,150,155,160,167,176],"root":[10,13,49,83,121,168,196],"cause.":[11,169,197],"Prior":[12],"cause":[14,50,84,122],"localization":[15],"approaches":[16],"almost":[17],"all":[18],"rely":[19],"on":[20,31,173],"statistical":[21],"analysis.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"proposes":[25],"taking":[26],"a":[27,41,89,106,124,127,131],"different":[28],"approach":[29],"based":[30],"observation":[33],"that":[34,67,77,108,153,188],"if":[35],"we":[36,186],"model":[37],"an":[38],"execution":[39,61,66,97,152,162],"as":[40,145],"totally":[42],"ordered":[43],"sequence":[44,72],"instructions,":[46],"then":[47],"can":[51,190],"be":[52],"identified":[53],"by":[54],"first":[56],"instruction":[57,71],"where":[58],"deviates":[62],"from":[63,138,181],"non-failure":[65,96,151],"has":[68,154],"longest":[70,100,156],"prefix":[73,158],"in":[74,114,126,130,163],"common":[75,101,157],"with":[76,98,159],"execution.":[81],"Thus,":[82],"analysis":[85],"transformed":[87],"into":[88],"principled":[90],"search":[91],"problem":[92],"identify":[94],"prefix.":[102],"We":[103],"present":[104],"Kairux,":[105],"tool":[107],"does":[109],"just":[110],"that.":[111],"It":[112],"is,":[113],"most":[115,177],"cases,":[116],"capable":[117],"pinpointing":[119],"distributed":[128],"system,":[129],"fully":[132],"automated":[133],"way.":[134],"Kairux":[135,172,189],"uses":[136],"tests":[137],"system's":[140],"rich":[141],"unit":[142],"test":[143],"suite":[144],"building":[146],"blocks":[147],"construct":[149],"order":[164],"By":[170],"evaluating":[171],"some":[174],"complex,":[178],"real-world":[179],"failures":[180],"HBase,":[182],"HDFS,":[183],"and":[184],"ZooKeeper,":[185],"show":[187],"accurately":[191],"pinpoint":[192],"each":[193],"failure's":[194],"respective":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}