{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982035030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341215.3356310","title":"Using a Disjoint Skill Model for Game and Task Difficulty in Human Computation Games","display_name":"Using a Disjoint Skill Model for Game and Task Difficulty in Human Computation Games","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982035030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341215.3356310","mag":"2982035030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3341215.3356310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341215.3356310","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extended Abstracts of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play Companion Extended Abstracts","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062779793","display_name":"Anurag Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6680-9983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anurag Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083670815","display_name":"Seth Cooper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-0877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seth Cooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062779793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8401,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80739834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"661","last_page":"669"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disjoint-sets","display_name":"Disjoint sets","score":0.8716763854026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7427496314048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7370080947875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5841958522796631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.520989716053009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4212339520454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41363951563835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4088650941848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3707102835178375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14617681503295898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12280687689781189}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45340560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215382","display_name":"Disjoint sets","level":2,"score":0.8716763854026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7427496314048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7370080947875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5841958522796631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.520989716053009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4212339520454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41363951563835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4088650941848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3707102835178375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14617681503295898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12280687689781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3341215.3356310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341215.3356310","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extended Abstracts of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play Companion Extended Abstracts","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597864774","https://openalex.org/W1984779782","https://openalex.org/W2006865864","https://openalex.org/W2015040676","https://openalex.org/W2050787672","https://openalex.org/W2127374659","https://openalex.org/W2129707978","https://openalex.org/W2141282920","https://openalex.org/W2156318148","https://openalex.org/W2586639973","https://openalex.org/W2591694232","https://openalex.org/W2611959673","https://openalex.org/W2626743406","https://openalex.org/W2751674575","https://openalex.org/W2754108245","https://openalex.org/W2889850854","https://openalex.org/W2903494333","https://openalex.org/W2941556323","https://openalex.org/W2948671659","https://openalex.org/W4312666361"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W4256429076","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W1971174658","https://openalex.org/W2372385138","https://openalex.org/W4296359239","https://openalex.org/W2477549100"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prior":[0],"research":[1],"has":[2],"used":[3,35],"player":[4],"rating":[5,54],"systems":[6],"to":[7,17,24,26,36,143,149],"balance":[8],"difficulty":[9,38,64,129],"in":[10,130],"human":[11],"computation":[12],"games":[13],"(HCGs)":[14],"without":[15],"having":[16],"modify":[18],"their":[19],"levels":[20,25],"by":[21],"assigning":[22],"ratings":[23],"indicate":[27],"level":[28,50,72],"difficulty.":[29],"Skill":[30],"chains":[31],"have":[32],"also":[33],"been":[34],"define":[37],"progressions":[39],"for":[40,95],"such":[41],"games.":[42],"Both":[43],"these":[44],"methods":[45],"typically":[46],"involve":[47],"associating":[48],"a":[49,52,85,117,131,150],"with":[51],"single":[53,86],"or":[55],"set":[56],"of":[57,62,65,70,76,108],"skills":[58,109],"as":[59,84],"being":[60,103],"representative":[61],"the":[63,67,71,74,77,98,101,138],"both":[66],"in-game":[68],"mechanics":[69],"and":[73,100,110,125,128],"complexity":[75],"task":[78,102,126],"that":[79,121,137],"it":[80],"models,":[81],"taken":[82],"together":[83],"unit.":[87],"Though":[88],"effective,":[89],"this":[90,113],"may":[91],"not":[92],"be":[93],"suitable":[94],"HCGs":[96],"where":[97],"game":[99,124],"modeled":[104],"require":[105],"different":[106],"sets":[107],"abilities.":[111],"To":[112],"end,":[114],"we":[115],"introduce":[116],"disjoint":[118,139],"skill":[119,127],"model":[120,140],"separately":[122],"tracks":[123],"2D":[132],"platformer":[133],"HCG.":[134],"We":[135],"find":[136],"enables":[141],"players":[142],"solve":[144],"more":[145],"difficult":[146],"tasks":[147],"compared":[148],"baseline":[151],"model.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
