{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2965052638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341162.3349300","title":"A novel smartphone application for indoor positioning of users based on machine learning","display_name":"A novel smartphone application for indoor positioning of users based on machine learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2965052638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341162.3349300","mag":"2965052638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3341162.3349300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341162.3349300","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10447/696391","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029096221","display_name":"Elaheh Homayounvala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-0287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55521800","display_name":"Goldsmiths University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/01khx4a30","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I55521800"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elaheh Homayounvala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Goldsmiths University of London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goldsmiths University of London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55521800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058105340","display_name":"Mohammad Nabati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4847-9829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Nabati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046458978","display_name":"Reza Shahbazian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2313-6002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Shahbazian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065961805","display_name":"Seyed Ali Ghorashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-9208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyed Ali Ghorashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022128321","display_name":"Vahideh Moghtadaiee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9655-4451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahideh Moghtadaiee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029096221"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55521800"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4307,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82297597,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"430","last_page":"437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8087257146835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.6946543455123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone-tracking","display_name":"Mobile phone tracking","score":0.6331188082695007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-positioning-system","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","score":0.6046656370162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.6044050455093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.527103066444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-based-service","display_name":"Location-based service","score":0.4767228662967682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.4749610424041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.4630122184753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.45838066935539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone","display_name":"Mobile phone","score":0.4559437036514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.41740691661834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4164339005947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32432591915130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29146867990493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-computing","display_name":"Mobile computing","score":0.24601611495018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2441478967666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.22884342074394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-technology","display_name":"Mobile technology","score":0.1639869213104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm-services","display_name":"GSM services","score":0.1547962725162506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.13150730729103088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12978795170783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09215515851974487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8087257146835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.6946543455123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155598946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486969","display_name":"Mobile phone tracking","level":5,"score":0.6331188082695007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187394410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","level":4,"score":0.6046656370162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6044050455093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.527103066444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155292070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198122","display_name":"Location-based service","level":2,"score":0.4767228662967682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.4749610424041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.4630122184753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.45838066935539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.4559437036514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.41740691661834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4164339005947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32432591915130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29146867990493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.24601611495018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2441478967666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.22884342074394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60952562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887246","display_name":"Mobile technology","level":3,"score":0.1639869213104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205789325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15811187","display_name":"GSM services","level":4,"score":0.1547962725162506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.13150730729103088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12978795170783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09215515851974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3341162.3349300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341162.3349300","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gold.ac.uk:26612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400496","display_name":"Goldsmiths (University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unipa.it:10447/696391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10447/696391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401065","display_name":"Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unipa.it:10447/696391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10447/696391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401065","display_name":"Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1502922572","https://openalex.org/W1957008682","https://openalex.org/W1972676371","https://openalex.org/W2075219781","https://openalex.org/W2278572312","https://openalex.org/W2279956796","https://openalex.org/W2326347197","https://openalex.org/W2417850440","https://openalex.org/W2523383283","https://openalex.org/W2538535315","https://openalex.org/W2550856709","https://openalex.org/W2557998141","https://openalex.org/W2596118521","https://openalex.org/W2617819186","https://openalex.org/W2621353408","https://openalex.org/W2735031100","https://openalex.org/W2769094067","https://openalex.org/W2774212884","https://openalex.org/W2776252545","https://openalex.org/W2791256362","https://openalex.org/W2890858785","https://openalex.org/W2891224819","https://openalex.org/W2898334231","https://openalex.org/W3104168494"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973104709","https://openalex.org/W2010998073","https://openalex.org/W3145478003","https://openalex.org/W1998305185","https://openalex.org/W2096726264","https://openalex.org/W2098625883","https://openalex.org/W2352528141","https://openalex.org/W4389544272","https://openalex.org/W2954905545","https://openalex.org/W2104026007"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smartphones":[0],"are":[1,6,117],"linked":[2],"with":[3,208],"individuals":[4],"and":[5,8,17,46,52,62,133,150,176,195,214,236,260,279,308],"valuable":[7],"yet":[9],"easily":[10],"available":[11],"sources":[12],"for":[13,104,185],"characterizing":[14],"users'":[15,216],"behavior":[16],"activities.":[18],"User's":[19],"location":[20,152],"is":[21,83,94,107,128,131,169,258],"among":[22],"the":[23,33,56,68,76,89,101,111,142,146,151,159,163,177,191,209,231,269,275,281,284],"characteristics":[24],"of":[25,35,58,71,91,100,113,153,158,193,233,245,283,312],"each":[26],"individual":[27],"that":[28,140,154,180,297],"can":[29],"be":[30,212],"utilized":[31],"in":[32,39,78,96,109,119,165,197,250,274,290,310],"provision":[34],"location-based":[36],"services":[37],"(LBs)":[38],"numerous":[40],"scenarios":[41],"such":[42],"as":[43,225],"remote":[44],"health-care":[45],"interactive":[47],"museums.":[48],"Mobile":[49],"phone":[50,61],"tracking":[51],"positioning":[53,79,82,106,239],"techniques":[54],"approximate":[55],"position":[57],"a":[59,72,85,137,171,205,226,234,243,255,291],"mobile":[60,73],"thereby":[63],"its":[64],"user,":[65],"by":[66,253,287],"disclosing":[67],"actual":[69],"coordinate":[70],"phone.":[74],"Considering":[75,161],"advances":[77],"techniques,":[80],"indoor":[81,97,105,166,238],"still":[84,170],"challenging":[86],"issue,":[87],"because":[88],"coverage":[90],"satellite":[92],"signals":[93,112],"limited":[95],"environments.":[98],"One":[99],"promising":[102],"solutions":[103,175],"fingerprinting":[108],"which":[110,127,257],"some":[114,302],"known":[115],"transmitters":[116,147],"measured":[118,125,288],"several":[120,251],"reference":[121],"points":[122],"(RPs).":[123],"This":[124,187],"data,":[126],"called":[129],"dataset":[130,244],"stored":[132],"used":[134],"to":[135,211,229],"train":[136],"mathematical":[138],"model":[139],"relates":[141],"received":[143,246],"signal":[144],"from":[145],"(model":[148],"input)":[149],"user":[155],"(the":[156],"output":[157],"model).":[160],"all":[162],"improvements":[164],"positioning,":[167],"there":[168],"gap":[172],"between":[173],"practical":[174],"optimal":[178],"solution":[179],"provides":[181],"near":[182],"theoretical":[183],"accuracy":[184,188],"positioning.":[186],"directly":[189],"impacts":[190],"level":[192],"usability":[194],"reliability":[196],"corresponding":[198],"LBSs.":[199],"In":[200],"this":[201],"paper,":[202],"we":[203],"develop":[204],"smartphone":[206],"app":[207],"ability":[210],"trained":[213],"detect":[215],"location,":[217],"accurately.":[218],"We":[219,241,266],"use":[220],"Gaussian":[221],"Process":[222],"Regression":[223],"(GPR)":[224],"probabilistic":[227],"method":[228,278,286,300],"find":[230,268],"parameters":[232],"non-linear":[235],"non-convex":[237],"model.":[240],"collect":[242],"signals'":[247],"strength":[248],"(RSS)":[249],"RPs":[252],"using":[254],"software":[256],"prepared":[259],"installed":[261],"on":[262],"an":[263],"Android":[264],"smartphone.":[265],"also":[267],"accurate":[270],"2\u03c3":[271],"confidence":[272],"interval":[273],"presented":[276],"GPR":[277],"evaluate":[280],"performance":[282],"proposed":[285,299],"data":[289],"realistic":[292],"scenario.":[293],"The":[294],"measurements":[295],"confirm":[296],"our":[298],"outperforms":[301],"conventional":[303],"methods":[304],"including":[305],"KNN,":[306],"SVR":[307],"PCA-SVR":[309],"terms":[311],"accuracy.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}