{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2999901108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341161.3342878","title":"A postmortem of suspended Twitter accounts in the 2016 U.S. presidential election","display_name":"A postmortem of suspended Twitter accounts in the 2016 U.S. presidential election","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2999901108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341161.3342878","mag":"2999901108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3341161.3342878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341161.3342878","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049099024","display_name":"Huyen Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9873-1669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huyen Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Iowa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Iowa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111612701","display_name":"G. R. Boynton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. R. Boynton","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Iowa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Iowa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011499718","display_name":"Zubair Shafiq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-9354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zubair Shafiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Iowa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Iowa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016839456","display_name":"Padmini Srinivasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8791-403X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Padmini Srinivasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Iowa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Iowa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049099024"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1046,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96606953,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"258","last_page":"265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-election","display_name":"Presidential election","score":0.7795971632003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-system","display_name":"Presidential system","score":0.7722786664962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.737157940864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4435611069202423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4259330630302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-analysis","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","score":0.42040136456489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3747703731060028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3747357428073883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.34392446279525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2599228620529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.24477741122245789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.23376700282096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.15760019421577454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.12349820137023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.08660644292831421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776129789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858439","display_name":"Presidential election","level":3,"score":0.7795971632003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.7722786664962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.737157940864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4435611069202423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4259330630302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.42040136456489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3747703731060028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3747357428073883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.34392446279525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2599228620529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.24477741122245789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.23376700282096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.15760019421577454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12349820137023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.08660644292831421}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3341161.3342878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3341161.3342878","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513521279","https://openalex.org/W1542020161","https://openalex.org/W1986678144","https://openalex.org/W1996892032","https://openalex.org/W2082891496","https://openalex.org/W2098395374","https://openalex.org/W2100974526","https://openalex.org/W2101447063","https://openalex.org/W2125490153","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2163898372","https://openalex.org/W2165701072","https://openalex.org/W2299805819","https://openalex.org/W2550819555","https://openalex.org/W2582561810","https://openalex.org/W2611831414","https://openalex.org/W2621008736","https://openalex.org/W2626431759","https://openalex.org/W2733139979","https://openalex.org/W2787037992","https://openalex.org/W2787948851","https://openalex.org/W2894778598","https://openalex.org/W2898745023","https://openalex.org/W2962899505","https://openalex.org/W2963121843","https://openalex.org/W2963361481","https://openalex.org/W3099768174","https://openalex.org/W3103318202","https://openalex.org/W3123712780","https://openalex.org/W3126072720","https://openalex.org/W4393145327"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2323484431","https://openalex.org/W2042880968","https://openalex.org/W4299515166","https://openalex.org/W2316558246","https://openalex.org/W4200471342","https://openalex.org/W4253582955","https://openalex.org/W3176234954","https://openalex.org/W4311632592"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"media":[1],"sites":[2],"such":[3,106],"as":[4,107],"Twitter":[5,33,67],"have":[6],"faced":[7],"significant":[8,122],"pressure":[9],"to":[10,47,159],"mitigate":[11],"spam":[12],"and":[13,41,102,111,118,129],"abuse":[14],"on":[15,55,98],"their":[16,39,99,144],"platform":[17,40],"in":[18,27,71,124,141],"the":[19,28,36,49,72,160],"aftermath":[20],"of":[21,38,63,88,126,143],"congressional":[22],"investigations":[23],"into":[24,95],"Russian":[25],"interference":[26],"2016":[29,73],"U.S.":[30,74],"presidential":[31,75],"election.":[32],"publicly":[34],"acknowledged":[35],"exploitation":[37],"has":[42],"since":[43],"conducted":[44],"aggressive":[45],"cleanups":[46],"suspend":[48],"involved":[50],"accounts.":[51],"To":[52,83],"shed":[53],"light":[54],"Twitter's":[56,153],"countermeasures,":[57],"we":[58,92],"conduct":[59],"a":[60],"postmortem":[61],"analysis":[62,133],"about":[64],"one":[65],"million":[66],"accounts":[68,150],"who":[69],"engaged":[70],"election":[76],"but":[77],"were":[78],"later":[79],"suspended":[80,90,117,137,151,162],"by":[81,152],"Twitter.":[82],"systematically":[84],"analyze":[85,103],"coordinated":[86],"activities":[87],"these":[89],"accounts,":[91],"group":[93],"them":[94],"communities":[96,120,138],"based":[97],"retweet/mention":[100],"network":[101],"different":[104],"characteristics":[105],"popular":[108,127],"tweeters,":[109],"domains,":[110],"hashtags.":[112,130],"The":[113],"results":[114],"show":[115],"that":[116,136,149],"regular":[119],"exhibit":[121],"differences":[123],"terms":[125,142],"tweeter":[128],"Our":[131],"qualitative":[132],"also":[134],"shows":[135],"are":[139,156],"heterogeneous":[140],"characteristics.":[145],"We":[146],"further":[147],"find":[148],"new":[154],"countermeasures":[155],"tightly":[157],"connected":[158],"original":[161],"communities.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}