{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093667900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3340531.3412109","title":"Estimating Topic Difficulty Using Normalized Discounted Cumulated Gain","display_name":"Estimating Topic Difficulty Using Normalized Discounted Cumulated Gain","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093667900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3340531.3412109","mag":"3093667900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3340531.3412109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3340531.3412109","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Information &amp; Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008775203","display_name":"Lukas Gienapp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-3751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Gienapp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027915931","display_name":"Benno Stein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-2217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51441396","display_name":"Bauhaus-Universit\u00e4t Weimar","ror":"https://ror.org/033bb5z47","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51441396"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benno Stein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bauhaus-Universit\u00e4t Weimar, Weimar, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bauhaus-Universit\u00e4t Weimar, Weimar, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51441396"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014322854","display_name":"Matthias Hagen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9733-2890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68956291","display_name":"Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg","ror":"https://ror.org/05gqaka33","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68956291"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Hagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Martin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Martin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68956291"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083712311","display_name":"Martin Potthast","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-0665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Potthast","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008775203"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2651,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6383565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2033","last_page":"2036"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7758514881134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-to-rank","display_name":"Learning to rank","score":0.7317088842391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparability","display_name":"Comparability","score":0.7281396985054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6883502006530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.646146297454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.593646764755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.5712862014770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.5671180486679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5350428819656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.530824601650238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5022804737091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.475856751203537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.4423671364784241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3991044759750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3795214295387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34502077102661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15754184126853943}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7758514881134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86037889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330127","display_name":"Learning to rank","level":3,"score":0.7317088842391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197947376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155608","display_name":"Comparability","level":2,"score":0.7281396985054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6883502006530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.646146297454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.593646764755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5712862014770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.5671180486679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5350428819656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.530824601650238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5022804737091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.475856751203537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4423671364784241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3991044759750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3795214295387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34502077102661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15754184126853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3340531.3412109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3340531.3412109","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Information &amp; Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967345182","https://openalex.org/W2027359109","https://openalex.org/W2037140704","https://openalex.org/W2069870183","https://openalex.org/W2087131461","https://openalex.org/W2110202502","https://openalex.org/W2231711798","https://openalex.org/W2515377091","https://openalex.org/W2923053417","https://openalex.org/W2992804133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365594754","https://openalex.org/W2575292835","https://openalex.org/W4287902769","https://openalex.org/W3001140700","https://openalex.org/W2995453361","https://openalex.org/W3021704418","https://openalex.org/W4390295458","https://openalex.org/W1990407237","https://openalex.org/W2092282998","https://openalex.org/W2053982300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Information":[0],"retrieval":[1,26],"evaluation":[2],"has":[3],"to":[4,28,36,56,94,123,141],"consider":[5],"the":[6,19,64,84,91,133,143],"varying":[7],"\"difficulty\"":[8],"between":[9],"topics.":[10],"Topic":[11],"difficulty":[12,39,114,129],"is":[13,61,74],"often":[14],"defined":[15],"in":[16,127,148],"terms":[17],"of":[18,22,25,66,83,86,112,145],"aggregated":[20],"effectiveness":[21],"a":[23,30,53,77,97],"set":[24],"systems":[27,67],"satisfy":[29],"respective":[31],"information":[32],"need.":[33],"Current":[34],"approaches":[35],"estimate":[37,57],"topic":[38,58,113],"come":[40],"with":[41],"drawbacks":[42],"such":[43],"as":[44,80,119,121],"being":[45],"incomparable":[46],"across":[47,116],"different":[48],"experimental":[49,117],"settings.":[50],"We":[51,89,131],"introduce":[52],"new":[54],"approach":[55,147],"difficulty,":[59],"which":[60],"based":[62],"on":[63],"ratio":[65],"that":[68,73],"achieve":[69,109],"an":[70],"NDCG":[71,92],"score":[72],"better":[75],"than":[76],"baseline":[78],"formed":[79],"random":[81,103],"ranking":[82],"pool":[85],"judged":[87],"documents.":[88],"modify":[90],"measure":[93],"explicitly":[95],"reflect":[96],"system's":[98],"divergence":[99],"from":[100],"this":[101,106],"hypothetical":[102],"ranker.":[104],"In":[105],"way":[107],"we":[108],"relative":[110],"comparability":[111],"scores":[115],"settings":[118],"well":[120],"stability":[122],"outlier":[124],"systems?features":[125],"lacking":[126],"previous":[128],"estimations.":[130],"reevaluate":[132],"TREC":[134],"2012":[135],"Web":[136],"Track's":[137],"ad":[138],"hoc":[139],"task":[140],"demonstrate":[142],"feasibility":[144],"our":[146],"practice.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
