{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2968198449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3340422.3343640","title":"Effects of a Simple Relay Network on the Bitcoin Network","display_name":"Effects of a Simple Relay Network on the Bitcoin Network","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2968198449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3340422.3343640","mag":"2968198449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3340422.3343640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3340422.3343640","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Asian Internet Engineering Conference on - AINTEC '19","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019249941","display_name":"Kai Otsuki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8466-807X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Otsuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015186018","display_name":"Yusuke Aoki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-4491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusuke Aoki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033785286","display_name":"Ryohei Banno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7268-4657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryohei Banno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051884700","display_name":"Kazuyuki Shudo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3939-9800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuyuki Shudo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"41","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.9436280727386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6838505268096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6829116344451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6684077978134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5316406488418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-access-procedure-for-frame-relay","display_name":"Link Access Procedure for Frame Relay","score":0.4932827353477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay-channel","display_name":"Relay channel","score":0.4468718469142914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.41546523571014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1928761601448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14822125434875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12377002835273743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.9436280727386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6838505268096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6829116344451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6684077978134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5316406488418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111218622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554248","display_name":"Link Access Procedure for Frame Relay","level":5,"score":0.4932827353477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46257984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310895","display_name":"Relay channel","level":4,"score":0.4468718469142914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41546523571014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1928761601448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14822125434875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12377002835273743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3340422.3343640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3340422.3343640","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Asian Internet Engineering Conference on - AINTEC '19","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057248704","https://openalex.org/W2295940006","https://openalex.org/W2536325433","https://openalex.org/W2911884917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137838797","https://openalex.org/W2969987855","https://openalex.org/W1602866994","https://openalex.org/W2901062603","https://openalex.org/W2776422970","https://openalex.org/W2139401954","https://openalex.org/W2993015344","https://openalex.org/W2153829573","https://openalex.org/W2124075814","https://openalex.org/W2029064004"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bitcoin":[0,115],"has":[1],"a":[2,100],"low":[3],"transaction":[4],"throughput.":[5],"In":[6],"order":[7],"to":[8,31,38,127,140,146,167],"allow":[9],"for":[10],"an":[11],"increase":[12],"of":[13,28,45,65,78,97,109,130,151,161,176,187,192,195],"this":[14],"throughput":[15],"without":[16],"increasing":[17],"orphan":[18,169],"blocks,":[19],"decreasing":[20],"the":[21,29,43,63,69,73,76,79,95,107,113,123,131,135,147,159,177,182,185,193],"block":[22,34],"propagation":[23,35,124],"time":[24,36,125],"is":[25,37,49,86,138,144,171,190],"important.":[26],"One":[27],"techniques":[30],"improve":[32],"its":[33],"utilize":[39],"relay":[40,47,57,66,82,101,110,152],"networks.":[41],"However,":[42],"effects":[44],"utilizing":[46,99,165,188],"networks":[48,58,67,111],"not":[50,60],"apparent.":[51],"Existing":[52],"studies":[53],"and":[54,81,117],"measurements":[55],"on":[56,62,68,112],"have":[59],"focused":[61],"effect":[64,80,108],"individual":[70,118],"miners.":[71,119],"Moreover,":[72],"relation":[74],"between":[75],"degree":[77],"network":[83,116,153],"utilization":[84,136,149],"rate":[85,137,143,150],"unknown.":[87],"Herein,":[88],"we":[89,104],"performed":[90],"simulations":[91],"while":[92],"finely":[93],"changing":[94],"proportion":[96],"nodes":[98,166,189],"network.":[102],"Moreover":[103],"quantitatively":[105],"evaluated":[106],"entire":[114],"Results":[120],"show":[121],"that":[122,158,175],"decrease":[126],"approximately":[128],"77%":[129],"original":[132],"value":[133,186,194],"if":[134],"set":[139],"3%.":[141],"This":[142],"close":[145],"actual":[148],"\"Falcon\".":[154],"We":[155],"also":[156],"found":[157],"probability":[160],"blocks":[162,170],"created":[163],"by":[164],"become":[168],"surprisingly":[172],"smaller":[173],"than":[174],"non-utilizing":[178,196],"nodes.":[179,197],"Even":[180],"in":[181],"worst":[183],"case,":[184],"15%":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
