{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007662835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3339904","title":"Crowdsourcing moral machines","display_name":"Crowdsourcing moral machines","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007662835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3339904","mag":"3007662835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3339904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3339904","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3339904","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3339904","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033716467","display_name":"Edmond Awad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102556","display_name":"K Lab (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/010zs2155","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142372","display_name":"Human Media","ror":"https://ror.org/04072nk43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edmond Awad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Exeter Business School, Exeter, U.K","MIT media Lab (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Exeter Business School, Exeter, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT media Lab (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372","https://openalex.org/I4210102556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071796852","display_name":"Sohan Dsouza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102556","display_name":"K Lab (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/010zs2155","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142372","display_name":"Human Media","ror":"https://ror.org/04072nk43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sohan Dsouza","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, MA","MIT media Lab (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT media Lab (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372","https://openalex.org/I4210102556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029258117","display_name":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois Bonnefon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4959-188X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131550300","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse-I-Capitole","ror":"https://ror.org/0443n9e75","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131550300"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Bonnefon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Toulouse Capitole, Toulouse, France","CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse Capitole, Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131550300"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040553648","display_name":"Azim Shariff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4444-460X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I822440","display_name":"Okanagan University College","ror":"https://ror.org/02mxmh518","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I822440"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azim Shariff","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","UBC - University of British Columbia (Vancouver Campus, , 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 / \r\nOkanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 - Canada)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UBC - University of British Columbia (Vancouver Campus, , 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 / \r\nOkanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 - Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I822440","https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009232244","display_name":"Iyad Rahwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1796-4303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102556","display_name":"K Lab (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/010zs2155","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142372","display_name":"Human Media","ror":"https://ror.org/04072nk43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iyad Rahwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, MA","MIT media Lab (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT media Lab (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372","https://openalex.org/I4210102556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3687,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96584785,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"3","first_page":"48","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.9349750280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6248407363891602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.46309852600097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.37194186449050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3291804790496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.24635997414588928}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.9349750280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6248407363891602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.46309852600097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.37194186449050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3291804790496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.24635997414588928}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3339904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3339904","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3339904","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02495413v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02495413","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02495413/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3339904","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29767511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ore.exeter.ac.uk:10871/120390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10871/120390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401998","display_name":"Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","host_organization_name":"University of Exeter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.ut-capitole.fr:42000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tse-fr.eu/pub/125049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401603","display_name":"Toulouse Capitole Publications (University Toulouse 1 Capitole)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3131550300","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse-I-Capitole","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131550300"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3260082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0007-4771-A","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3339904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3339904","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3339904","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1938070154","display_name":"Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute","funder_award_id":"ANR-19-P3IA-0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007662835.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007662835.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590242456","https://openalex.org/W1593687854","https://openalex.org/W2010412594","https://openalex.org/W2089012547","https://openalex.org/W2118960450","https://openalex.org/W2123851065","https://openalex.org/W2129900561","https://openalex.org/W2132479764","https://openalex.org/W2133646840","https://openalex.org/W2135226325","https://openalex.org/W2466381818","https://openalex.org/W2557292748","https://openalex.org/W2738428139","https://openalex.org/W2759133817","https://openalex.org/W2764072425","https://openalex.org/W2797784986","https://openalex.org/W2896252141","https://openalex.org/W2896833840","https://openalex.org/W2897702578","https://openalex.org/W2921874182","https://openalex.org/W2922202159","https://openalex.org/W2979969989","https://openalex.org/W3083206818","https://openalex.org/W3098062141","https://openalex.org/W3125569121","https://openalex.org/W3157172840","https://openalex.org/W4240472149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W4318823662","https://openalex.org/W2886410948","https://openalex.org/W2025875869","https://openalex.org/W3207526114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"platform":[1],"for":[2],"creating":[3],"a":[4],"crowdsourced":[5],"picture":[6],"of":[7],"human":[8],"opinions":[9],"on":[10],"how":[11],"machines":[12],"should":[13],"handle":[14],"moral":[15],"dilemmas.":[16]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}