{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2952096576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3339277","title":"Does \"www.\" Mean Better Transport Layer Security?","display_name":"Does \"www.\" Mean Better Transport Layer Security?","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2952096576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3339277","mag":"2952096576"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3339252.3339277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3339277","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.06505","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030231646","display_name":"Eman Salem Alashwali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7673-3102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB","SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eman Salem Alashwali","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054220744","display_name":"Pawe\u0142 Sza\u0142achowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0871-3729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawel Szalachowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore, Singapore","Singapore University of Technology and Design SUTD, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design SUTD, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087547134","display_name":"Andrew Martin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8236-980X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","University of Oxford, Oxford , United Kingdom#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford , United Kingdom#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030231646"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786","https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1445,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5652463,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plain-text","display_name":"Plain text","score":0.5883030295372009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.548004150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5456311702728271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certificate","display_name":"Certificate","score":0.49078425765037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.44555121660232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28931230306625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2675873637199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18403199315071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12726637721061707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.11963796615600586}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46503548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145976","display_name":"Plain text","level":3,"score":0.5883030295372009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.548004150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5456311702728271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96865113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2946816","display_name":"Certificate","level":2,"score":0.49078425765037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.44555121660232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28931230306625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2675873637199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18403199315071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12726637721061707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.11963796615600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3339252.3339277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3339277","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1906.06505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.06505","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.06505","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2952096576","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.06505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:074f44ce-6b8f-46c2-8d72-9ebe8819e321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:074f44ce-6b8f-46c2-8d72-9ebe8819e321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.griffith.edu.au:10072/392553","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/392553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402548","display_name":"Griffith Research Online (Griffith University, Queensland, Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","host_organization_name":"Griffith University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference output"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1906.06505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.06505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1906.06505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.06505","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.06505","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324110","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2952096576.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2952096576.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1660562555","https://openalex.org/W2078142664","https://openalex.org/W2104899073","https://openalex.org/W2116876232","https://openalex.org/W2130867912","https://openalex.org/W2138670865","https://openalex.org/W2154558323","https://openalex.org/W2159840470","https://openalex.org/W2163005041","https://openalex.org/W2266218113","https://openalex.org/W2294765562","https://openalex.org/W2604595700","https://openalex.org/W2733681384","https://openalex.org/W2769047723","https://openalex.org/W2802346698","https://openalex.org/W2895807258","https://openalex.org/W2915352631","https://openalex.org/W2931478288","https://openalex.org/W2963501795","https://openalex.org/W4298051233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2958782307","https://openalex.org/W3042493236","https://openalex.org/W3016788421","https://openalex.org/W2482720428","https://openalex.org/W2989969486","https://openalex.org/W2771694204","https://openalex.org/W256974606"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Experience":[0],"shows":[1,133],"that":[2,12,28,134,139,149,202],"most":[3],"researchers":[4],"and":[5,58,67,83,92,190,208],"developers":[6],"tend":[7,102],"to":[8,51,71,103,163],"treat":[9],"plain-domains":[10,46,57,82,138,162,201],"(those":[11,27],"are":[13,29,150],"not":[14,151],"prefixed":[15,30],"with":[16,31,186],"\"www\"":[17,32],"subdomains,":[18],"e.g.":[19,34],"\"example.com\")":[20],"as":[21],"synonyms":[22],"for":[23],"their":[24,48,59,84,109,154,164],"equivalent":[25,49,60,85,110,155,165],"www-domains":[26,50,61,86,101,156,185],"sub-domains,":[33],"\"www.example.com\").":[35],"In":[36,178],"this":[37,113],"paper,":[38],"we":[39],"analyse":[40],"datasets":[41],"of":[42,78,98,128,136,170,221],"nearly":[43],"two":[44],"million":[45],"against":[47],"answer":[52],"the":[53,119,129,137,183,195,219,222],"following":[54],"question:":[55],"Do":[56],"differ":[62,87],"in":[63,88,94,118,123,153,193,218],"TLS":[64,89,188,206],"security":[65,90,106,220],"configurations":[66,91,107,189,207],"certificates?":[68],"If":[69],"so,":[70],"what":[72],"extent?":[73],"Our":[74],"results":[75],"provide":[76],"evidence":[77],"an":[79],"interesting":[80],"phenomenon:":[81],"certificates":[93],"a":[95,212,215],"non-trivial":[96],"number":[97],"cases.":[99],"Furthermore,":[100],"have":[104,203],"stronger":[105],"than":[108,122],"plain-domains.":[111],"Interestingly,":[112],"phenomenon":[114],"is":[115],"more":[116,143],"prevalent":[117],"most-visited":[120],"domains":[121,131],"randomly-chosen":[124],"domains.":[125],"Further":[126],"analysis":[127],"top":[130],"dataset":[132],"53.35%":[135],"show":[140],"one":[141],"or":[142],"weakness":[144],"indicators":[145],"(e.g.":[146],"expired":[147],"certificate)":[148],"shown":[152],"perform":[157],"HTTPS":[158,161,166,196],"redirection":[159],"from":[160],"www-domains.":[167],"Additionally,":[168],"24.71%":[169],"these":[171,179],"redirections":[172],"contains":[173],"plain-text":[174],"HTTP":[175],"intermediate":[176],"URLs.":[177],"cases,":[180],"users":[181],"see":[182],"final":[184],"strong":[187],"certificates,":[191],"but":[192],"fact,":[194],"request":[197],"has":[198],"passed":[199],"through":[200],"less":[204],"secure":[205],"certificates.":[209],"Clearly,":[210],"such":[211],"set-up":[213],"introduces":[214],"weak":[216],"link":[217],"overall":[223],"interaction.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}