{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2915021348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3339255","title":"Blockchain Trilemma Solver Algorand has Dilemma over Undecidable Messages","display_name":"Blockchain Trilemma Solver Algorand has Dilemma over Undecidable Messages","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2915021348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3339255","mag":"2915021348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3339252.3339255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3339255","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.10019","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063847107","display_name":"Mauro Conti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Conti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Padua, Italy","Dept. of Mathematics, University of Padua - Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mathematics, University of Padua - Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064911856","display_name":"Ankit Gangwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8065-3700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ankit Gangwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Padua, Italy",">University of Padua"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":">University of Padua","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087023719","display_name":"Michele Todero","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Todero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michele Todero is with PwC Advisory SpA Italy - Cyber Security"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michele Todero is with PwC Advisory SpA Italy - Cyber Security","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063847107"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7037,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7704031,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8238136768341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6407524347305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.547676682472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.5132489204406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replay-attack","display_name":"Replay attack","score":0.479230672121048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4446756839752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.4424290060997009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-authentication-code","display_name":"Message authentication code","score":0.42938125133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-work-system","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","score":0.429061621427536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undecidable-problem","display_name":"Undecidable problem","score":0.41812044382095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4032686948776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3777231276035309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.3642568588256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.30166953802108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.29310882091522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2159120738506317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.12702122330665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decidability","display_name":"Decidability","score":0.10230153799057007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8238136768341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6407524347305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.547676682472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.5132489204406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11560541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756025","display_name":"Replay attack","level":3,"score":0.479230672121048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4446756839752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.4424290060997009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141492731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052621","display_name":"Message authentication code","level":3,"score":0.42938125133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123436394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7249984","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","level":3,"score":0.429061621427536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192034797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502995","display_name":"Undecidable problem","level":3,"score":0.41812044382095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4032686948776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3777231276035309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.3642568588256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.30166953802108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.29310882091522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2159120738506317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.12702122330665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153269930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430001","display_name":"Decidability","level":2,"score":0.10230153799057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3339252.3339255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3339255","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1901.10019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.10019","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.10019","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2915021348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.10019.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1901.10019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.10019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1901.10019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.10019","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.10019","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2915021348.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2915021348.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1581121707","https://openalex.org/W1820692873","https://openalex.org/W2014660968","https://openalex.org/W2059875792","https://openalex.org/W2098104887","https://openalex.org/W2129763443","https://openalex.org/W2160638522","https://openalex.org/W2183126124","https://openalex.org/W2511446761","https://openalex.org/W2573050643","https://openalex.org/W2584364557","https://openalex.org/W2594834126","https://openalex.org/W2739845435","https://openalex.org/W2754620430","https://openalex.org/W2763398287","https://openalex.org/W2766209351","https://openalex.org/W2795995661","https://openalex.org/W2982365461","https://openalex.org/W6732306980"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2967448802","https://openalex.org/W2944297421","https://openalex.org/W2744533984","https://openalex.org/W2793940409","https://openalex.org/W2795826211","https://openalex.org/W2176412652","https://openalex.org/W2899383004","https://openalex.org/W3203272272","https://openalex.org/W2601403718","https://openalex.org/W2340058185","https://openalex.org/W2398904024","https://openalex.org/W2950351896","https://openalex.org/W2779462271","https://openalex.org/W3133049302","https://openalex.org/W3197049674","https://openalex.org/W3152882632","https://openalex.org/W2884618751","https://openalex.org/W2560917486","https://openalex.org/W2951941706","https://openalex.org/W2055717171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"variety":[1],"of":[2,37,46,55,78,80,92],"solutions,":[3],"e.g.,":[4,39],"Proof-of-Work":[5],"(PoW),":[6],"Proof-of-Stake":[7],"(PoS),":[8],"Proof-of-Burn":[9],"(PoB),":[10],"and":[11,29,51,95],"Proof-of-Elapsed-Time":[12],"(PoET),":[13],"have":[14,34],"been":[15,65],"proposed":[16,66],"to":[17,67,87],"make":[18],"consensus":[19],"mechanism":[20],"used":[21],"by":[22],"the":[23,81,89],"blockchain":[24],"technology":[25],"more":[26],"democratic,":[27],"efficient,":[28],"scalable.":[30],"However,":[31],"these":[32,69],"solutions":[33],"a":[35,43,53],"number":[36],"limitations,":[38],"PoW":[40],"approach":[41],"requires":[42],"huge":[44],"amount":[45],"computational":[47],"power,":[48],"scales":[49],"poorly,":[50],"wastes":[52],"lot":[54],"electrical":[56],"energy.":[57],"Recently,":[58],"an":[59,75],"innovative":[60],"protocol":[61],"called":[62],"Algorand":[63,71],"has":[64],"overcome":[68],"limitations.":[70],"not":[72],"only":[73],"guarantees":[74],"overwhelming":[76],"probability":[77],"linearity":[79],"blockchain,":[82],"but":[83],"it":[84],"also":[85],"aims":[86],"solve":[88],"\"blockchain":[90],"trilemma\"":[91],"decentralization,":[93],"scalability,":[94],"security.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
