{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2971725938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3337722.3337735","title":"Expertise and engagement","display_name":"Expertise and engagement","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2971725938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3337722.3337735","mag":"2971725938","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31788674"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3337722.3337735","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3337722.3337735","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3337722.3337735","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3337722.3337735","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070037437","display_name":"Josh Aaron Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6783-7567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87182695","display_name":"Universidad del Noreste","ror":"https://ror.org/02ahky613","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87182695"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Josh Aaron Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87182695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087867166","display_name":"Uttkarsh Narayan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-2321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87182695","display_name":"Universidad del Noreste","ror":"https://ror.org/02ahky613","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87182695"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uttkarsh Narayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87182695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048853190","display_name":"Matthew Hantsbarger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87182695","display_name":"Universidad del Noreste","ror":"https://ror.org/02ahky613","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87182695"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Hantsbarger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87182695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083670815","display_name":"Seth Cooper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-0877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87182695","display_name":"Universidad del Noreste","ror":"https://ror.org/02ahky613","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87182695"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seth Cooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87182695"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087676774","display_name":"Magy Seif El\u2010Nasr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7808-1686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87182695","display_name":"Universidad del Noreste","ror":"https://ror.org/02ahky613","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87182695"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magy Seif El-Nasr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87182695"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070037437"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87182695"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2318,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88039709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11400","display_name":"Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports","score":0.972000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operationalization","display_name":"Operationalization","score":0.926815390586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7026338577270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-design","display_name":"Game design","score":0.5918331146240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5860442519187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5597314238548279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5040515661239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4967554211616516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.48289942741394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"Cognitive load","score":0.47341328859329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4732932448387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.35001641511917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.3060334324836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.17802608013153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.10412654280662537}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.926815390586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7026338577270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503285160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858057","display_name":"Game design","level":2,"score":0.5918331146240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5860442519187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5597314238548279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5040515661239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4967554211616516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.48289942741394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.47341328859329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4732932448387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.35001641511917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3060334324836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.17802608013153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.10412654280662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3337722.3337735","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3337722.3337735","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3337722.3337735","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:31788674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31788674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"FDG : proceedings of the International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games. International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6884330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6884330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"FDG","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3337722.3337735","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3337722.3337735","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3337722.3337735","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2662343556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1UH2CA203780","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337373","funder_display_name":"Center for Information Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7502450150","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1UH2CA203780","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7645573070","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1629879","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337373","display_name":"Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jh5a977"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2971725938.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2971725938.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44306941","https://openalex.org/W241656473","https://openalex.org/W627022039","https://openalex.org/W1132321925","https://openalex.org/W1410719325","https://openalex.org/W1499793228","https://openalex.org/W1539609515","https://openalex.org/W1702768895","https://openalex.org/W1879300773","https://openalex.org/W1888870946","https://openalex.org/W1967575742","https://openalex.org/W1972950717","https://openalex.org/W1984314602","https://openalex.org/W2014417441","https://openalex.org/W2023062420","https://openalex.org/W2025908221","https://openalex.org/W2033354470","https://openalex.org/W2040127838","https://openalex.org/W2051741744","https://openalex.org/W2056569531","https://openalex.org/W2064610985","https://openalex.org/W2073338313","https://openalex.org/W2075830307","https://openalex.org/W2078436938","https://openalex.org/W2091805451","https://openalex.org/W2096438128","https://openalex.org/W2101005350","https://openalex.org/W2108631245","https://openalex.org/W2108682032","https://openalex.org/W2116578868","https://openalex.org/W2122517769","https://openalex.org/W2126153334","https://openalex.org/W2128213565","https://openalex.org/W2135234238","https://openalex.org/W2136692330","https://openalex.org/W2137693710","https://openalex.org/W2141846678","https://openalex.org/W2151905266","https://openalex.org/W2169828024","https://openalex.org/W2170899200","https://openalex.org/W2170989440","https://openalex.org/W2185852217","https://openalex.org/W2207659948","https://openalex.org/W2239486811","https://openalex.org/W2324801312","https://openalex.org/W2479485957","https://openalex.org/W2509111931","https://openalex.org/W2562091450","https://openalex.org/W2566152916","https://openalex.org/W2576624358","https://openalex.org/W2577105823","https://openalex.org/W2582225178","https://openalex.org/W2594833509","https://openalex.org/W2610969520","https://openalex.org/W2734595044","https://openalex.org/W2764178880","https://openalex.org/W2900880951","https://openalex.org/W3019273456","https://openalex.org/W3112955976","https://openalex.org/W4256129365"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944277854","https://openalex.org/W2258359646","https://openalex.org/W2493324121","https://openalex.org/W4234402960","https://openalex.org/W4210958110","https://openalex.org/W2483613126","https://openalex.org/W4210994448","https://openalex.org/W4386824558","https://openalex.org/W4394927648","https://openalex.org/W2097838441"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"studies":[1],"have":[2],"already":[3],"shown":[4],"that":[5],"games":[6],"can":[7,32,194],"be":[8,34],"a":[9,26,138,166],"useful":[10],"tool":[11],"to":[12,36,54,82,89,196],"make":[13],"boring":[14],"or":[15,174],"difficult":[16],"tasks":[17],"more":[18],"engaging.":[19],"However,":[20],"with":[21,98],"serious":[22],"game":[23,63,109,136,144],"design":[24,145],"being":[25],"relatively":[27],"nascent":[28],"field,":[29],"such":[30],"experiences":[31],"still":[33],"hard":[35],"learn":[37],"and":[38,51,70,79,92,103,111,132,164],"not":[39,141],"very":[40],"motivating.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"we":[45,75,125],"explore":[46],"the":[47,59,83,127,148,152,162],"use":[48],"of":[49,101,129,185],"learning":[50],"motivation":[52],"frameworks":[53],"improve":[55],"player":[56],"experience":[57,113],"in":[58,86,143],"well-known":[60],"citizen":[61],"science":[62],"Foldit.":[64],"Using":[65],"Cognitive":[66],"Load":[67],"Theory":[68,73],"(CLT)":[69],"Self":[71],"Determination":[72],"(SDT),":[74],"developed":[76],"six":[77],"interface":[78],"mechanical":[80],"changes":[81],"tutorial":[84],"levels":[85],"Foldit":[87,102],"designed":[88],"increase":[90],"engagement":[91],"retention.":[93],"We":[94,181],"tested":[95],"these":[96,186,192],"features":[97],"new":[99,135],"players":[100,159],"collected":[104],"both":[105,183],"behavioral":[106],"data,":[107,114],"using":[108,115],"metrics,":[110],"prior":[112,171,175],"self-report":[116],"measures.":[117],"This":[118],"study":[119],"offers":[120],"three":[121],"major":[122],"contributions:":[123],"(1)":[124],"document":[126],"process":[128],"operationalizing":[130],"CLT":[131],"SDT":[133],"as":[134,188,190],"features,":[137],"unique":[139],"methodology":[140],"used":[142],"previously;":[146],"(2)":[147],"user":[149],"interface,":[150],"specifically":[151],"level":[153],"selection":[154],"screen,":[155],"significantly":[156],"impacts":[157],"how":[158,191],"progress":[160],"through":[161],"game;":[163],"(3)":[165],"player's":[167],"expertise,":[168],"whether":[169],"from":[170],"domain":[172],"knowledge":[173],"gaming":[176],"experience,":[177],"increases":[178],"their":[179],"engagement.":[180],"discuss":[182],"implications":[184],"findings":[187],"well":[189],"implementations":[193],"generalize":[195],"other":[197],"designs.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2019-09-12T00:00:00"}