{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2978771787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3333336","title":"A Comparative Cross-layer Study on Racetrack Memories","display_name":"A Comparative Cross-layer Study on Racetrack Memories","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2978771787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3333336","mag":"2978771787"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3333336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3333336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96198239","display_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","issn_l":"1550-4832","issn":["1550-4832","1550-4840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381646","display_name":"Wang Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3169-6034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wang Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3169-6034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090343850","display_name":"Bi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9972-0478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061045747","display_name":"Xing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-3857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010433156","display_name":"Daoqian Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8254-1091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daoqian Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056897117","display_name":"Zhaohao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020269510","display_name":"Xichao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9656-9696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xichao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047416789","display_name":"Yan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5641-9191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018693228","display_name":"Youguang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0928-4210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youguang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066473925","display_name":"Weisheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8088-0404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weisheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100381646"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4528,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82800124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skyrmion","display_name":"Skyrmion","score":0.7456198334693909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm","display_name":"IBM","score":0.6503785848617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45349156856536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4351062774658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racetrack-memory","display_name":"Racetrack memory","score":0.4335528314113617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.42732951045036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.41916143894195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.365617036819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.17937946319580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17659392952919006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15738609433174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-physics","display_name":"Particle physics","score":0.14393317699432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.11128845810890198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09317925572395325}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88020606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041630","display_name":"Skyrmion","level":2,"score":0.7456198334693909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.6503785848617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45349156856536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4351062774658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43363307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651623","display_name":"Racetrack memory","level":5,"score":0.4335528314113617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42732951045036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41916143894195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.365617036819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.17937946319580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17659392952919006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15738609433174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.14393317699432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.11128845810890198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09317925572395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136085584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910289","display_name":"Overlay","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63511323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908936","display_name":"Interleaved memory","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3333336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3333336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96198239","display_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","issn_l":"1550-4832","issn":["1550-4832","1550-4840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8424269787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871008, 61501013, and 61571023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W924260081","https://openalex.org/W1808495935","https://openalex.org/W1896545049","https://openalex.org/W1972081918","https://openalex.org/W1975724328","https://openalex.org/W1981443800","https://openalex.org/W1991395163","https://openalex.org/W1996092882","https://openalex.org/W2010202670","https://openalex.org/W2022742026","https://openalex.org/W2025173691","https://openalex.org/W2030059473","https://openalex.org/W2034258734","https://openalex.org/W2038561289","https://openalex.org/W2055126956","https://openalex.org/W2064253301","https://openalex.org/W2069364330","https://openalex.org/W2079103493","https://openalex.org/W2080312218","https://openalex.org/W2082355550","https://openalex.org/W2106549719","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2154367383","https://openalex.org/W2171960777","https://openalex.org/W2208389930","https://openalex.org/W2287461024","https://openalex.org/W2293814030","https://openalex.org/W2309896202","https://openalex.org/W2344033047","https://openalex.org/W2472685550","https://openalex.org/W2474948085","https://openalex.org/W2508495451","https://openalex.org/W2511518502","https://openalex.org/W2513682997","https://openalex.org/W2551927833","https://openalex.org/W2572444406","https://openalex.org/W2586051630","https://openalex.org/W2586643667","https://openalex.org/W2592021681","https://openalex.org/W2698166745","https://openalex.org/W2733983087","https://openalex.org/W2747653033","https://openalex.org/W2769418764","https://openalex.org/W2784141108","https://openalex.org/W2792334128","https://openalex.org/W2810439171","https://openalex.org/W2889746799","https://openalex.org/W2889871784","https://openalex.org/W3098474657","https://openalex.org/W3100557872","https://openalex.org/W3102098294","https://openalex.org/W3103025881","https://openalex.org/W3103699933","https://openalex.org/W3104794843","https://openalex.org/W3105432668","https://openalex.org/W3105697508","https://openalex.org/W3125665875","https://openalex.org/W4240163901","https://openalex.org/W6649306630","https://openalex.org/W6660341527","https://openalex.org/W6739993536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053929918","https://openalex.org/W2100534810","https://openalex.org/W2953224093","https://openalex.org/W2293814030","https://openalex.org/W2027596801","https://openalex.org/W2527563933","https://openalex.org/W3098474657","https://openalex.org/W1579157801","https://openalex.org/W2082355550","https://openalex.org/W2047536660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Racetrack":[0],"memory":[1],"(RM),":[2],"a":[3,12,18,45,64,132,210],"new":[4,95,107],"storage":[5,24],"scheme":[6],"in":[7,39,126,154],"which":[8,36,122],"information":[9,118],"flows":[10],"along":[11],"nanotrack,":[13],"has":[14,69,75,128,145],"been":[15,70,76,129,146,152],"considered":[16],"as":[17,131],"potential":[19],"candidate":[20],"for":[21,103,137,224],"future":[22],"high-density":[23],"device":[25],"instead":[26],"of":[27,47,61,66,89,135],"hard":[28],"disk":[29],"drive":[30],"(HDD).":[31],"The":[32],"first":[33],"RM":[34,141],"technology,":[35],"was":[37,123],"proposed":[38],"2008":[40],"by":[41,52],"IBM,":[42],"relies":[43],"on":[44,112,229],"train":[46],"opposite":[48],"magnetic":[49,120],"domains":[50],"separated":[51],"domain":[53],"walls":[54],"(DWs),":[55],"named":[56,139],"DW-RM.":[57],"After":[58],"10":[59],"years":[60],"intensive":[62],"research,":[63],"variety":[65],"fundamental":[67],"advancements":[68],"achieved;":[71],"unfortunately,":[72],"no":[73],"product":[74],"available":[77],"until":[78],"now.":[79],"With":[80],"increasing":[81],"effort":[82,144],"and":[83,97,148,158,169,178,183,190,216,226],"resources":[84],"dedicated":[85],"to":[86,194,205],"the":[87,113,165,173],"development":[88],"DW-RM,":[90],"it":[91],"is":[92,164],"likely":[93],"that":[94],"materials":[96],"mechanisms":[98],"will":[99,220],"soon":[100],"be":[101,111,195],"discovered":[102,125],"practical":[104],"applications.":[105],"However,":[106],"concepts":[108],"might":[109],"also":[110],"horizon.":[114],"Recently,":[115],"an":[116],"alternative":[117],"carrier,":[119],"skyrmion,":[121,179],"experimentally":[124],"2009,":[127],"regarded":[130],"promising":[133],"replacement":[134],"DW":[136,168,177],"RM,":[138],"skyrmion-based":[140],"(SK-RM).":[142],"Intensive":[143],"involved":[147],"amazing":[149],"advances":[150],"have":[151],"made":[153],"observing,":[155],"writing,":[156],"manipulating,":[157],"deleting":[159],"individual":[160],"skyrmions.":[161],"So,":[162],"what":[163,191],"relationship":[166],"between":[167,176,181,214],"skyrmion?":[170],"What":[171,185],"are":[172],"key":[174],"differences":[175],"or":[180],"DW-RM":[182,215],"SK-RM?":[184],"benefits":[186],"could":[187],"SK-RM":[188],"bring":[189],"challenges":[192],"need":[193],"addressed":[196],"before":[197],"application?":[198],"In":[199],"this":[200],"review":[201],"article,":[202],"we":[203],"intend":[204],"answer":[206],"these":[207],"questions":[208],"through":[209],"comparative":[211],"cross-layer":[212],"study":[213],"SK-RM.":[217],"This":[218],"work":[219],"provide":[221],"guidelines,":[222],"especially":[223],"circuit":[225],"architecture":[227],"researchers":[228],"RM.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
