{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946434750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3331184.3331341","title":"BERT with History Answer Embedding for Conversational Question Answering","display_name":"BERT with History Answer Embedding for Conversational Question Answering","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946434750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3331184.3331341","mag":"2946434750"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3331184.3331341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3331184.3331341","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3331184.3331341","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 42nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3331184.3331341","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chen Qu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chen Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liu Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Minghui Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"W. Bruce Croft","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Bruce Croft","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yongfeng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongfeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohit Iyyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohit Iyyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.9825,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":148,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9861987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1133","last_page":"1136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.8996000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.7462000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6015999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.34700000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.8996000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.7462000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7426000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6015999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4837000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780829048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1624720","display_name":"Conversation analysis","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019144022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4124998","display_name":"Questions and answers","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777877512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1116097","display_name":"Common ground","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3331184.3331341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3331184.3331341","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3331184.3331341","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 42nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.05412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.05412","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.05412","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3331184.3331341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3331184.3331341","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3331184.3331341","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 42nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1797131233","display_name":"III: Small: Searching for Answers through Iterative Feedback","funder_award_id":"1715095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1986716881","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1715095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946434750.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946434750.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156982127","https://openalex.org/W2791808303","https://openalex.org/W2798392716","https://openalex.org/W2799195065","https://openalex.org/W2810840719","https://openalex.org/W2888302696","https://openalex.org/W2898076813","https://openalex.org/W2908673792","https://openalex.org/W2962985038"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conversational":[0],"search":[1,19],"is":[2,20,94],"an":[3],"emerging":[4],"topic":[5],"in":[6,146],"the":[7,13,23,28,38,48,116,127],"information":[8],"retrieval":[9],"community.":[10],"One":[11],"of":[12,69,100,118,129,132],"major":[14],"challenges":[15],"to":[16,21,26,37,46,60,110,138],"multi-turn":[17],"conversational":[18,74,101],"model":[22,47,78],"conversation":[24,70,143],"history":[25,35,62,71,133,144],"answer":[27,63],"current":[29,39],"question.":[30],"Existing":[31],"methods":[32],"either":[33],"prepend":[34],"turns":[36,134],"question":[40,75],"or":[41],"use":[42],"complicated":[43],"attention":[44],"mechanisms":[45],"history.":[49],"We":[50,87,113],"propose":[51],"a":[52,73,95,107],"conceptually":[53],"simple":[54],"yet":[55],"highly":[56],"effective":[57],"approach":[58,120],"referred":[59],"as":[61],"embedding.":[64],"It":[65],"enables":[66],"seamless":[67],"integration":[68],"into":[72,142],"answering":[76],"(ConvQA)":[77],"built":[79],"on":[80],"BERT":[81],"(Bidirectional":[82],"Encoder":[83],"Representations":[84],"from":[85],"Transformers).":[86],"first":[88],"explain":[89],"our":[90,119],"view":[91],"that":[92],"ConvQA":[93],"simplified":[96],"but":[97],"concrete":[98],"setting":[99],"search,":[102],"and":[103],"then":[104],"we":[105,125],"provide":[106,139],"general":[108],"framework":[109],"solve":[111],"ConvQA.":[112,147],"further":[114],"demonstrate":[115],"effectiveness":[117],"under":[121,135],"this":[122],"framework.":[123],"Finally,":[124],"analyze":[126],"impact":[128],"different":[130,136],"numbers":[131],"settings":[137],"new":[140],"insights":[141],"modeling":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2019-05-29T00:00:00"}