{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009315038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3328778.3372639","title":"Exploring Challenging Variations of Parsons Problems","display_name":"Exploring Challenging Variations of Parsons Problems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009315038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3328778.3372639","mag":"3009315038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3328778.3372639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3328778.3372639","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3328778.3372639","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3328778.3372639","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061479960","display_name":"Nathaniel Weinman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5491-8298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathaniel Weinman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088855767","display_name":"Armando Fox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-4931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armando Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019933387","display_name":"Marti A. Hearst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4346-1603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marti Hearst","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1349","last_page":"1349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blank","display_name":"Blank","score":0.8721002340316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6871094107627869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5780408978462219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5519020557403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.5364222526550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.47587624192237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4682271182537079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-lines-of-code","display_name":"Source lines of code","score":0.4630463421344757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.32532334327697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19392091035842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.10876601934432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07659998536109924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778089247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q368951","display_name":"Blank","level":2,"score":0.8721002340316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6871094107627869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5780408978462219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5519020557403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.5364222526550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.47587624192237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4682271182537079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199519371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942695","display_name":"Source lines of code","level":3,"score":0.4630463421344757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.32532334327697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19392091035842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.10876601934432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3328778.3372639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3328778.3372639","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3328778.3372639","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt8794g5s0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8794g5s0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3328778.3372639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3328778.3372639","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3328778.3372639","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2966665750","display_name":"Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP)","funder_award_id":"1752814","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4759983887","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. DGE 1752814","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5274169913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DGE 1752814","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009315038.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009315038.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580195166","https://openalex.org/W1987790173","https://openalex.org/W2766230222"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361638505","https://openalex.org/W2370352440","https://openalex.org/W2009954581","https://openalex.org/W4296141694","https://openalex.org/W2379220204","https://openalex.org/W2005071119","https://openalex.org/W4249926107","https://openalex.org/W3158546193","https://openalex.org/W3160305016","https://openalex.org/W2087977571"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introductory":[0],"programming":[1],"classes":[2],"teach":[3],"students":[4,24,54,144,169],"to":[5,59,154,190],"program":[6],"using":[7],"worked":[8],"examples,":[9],"code":[10,13,89,119,158,181],"tracing,":[11],"and":[12,39,180],"writing":[14,40],"exercises.":[15],"Parsons":[16,43,77,82,101,113,123,149,172,178,185],"Problems":[17,44,83,150,179],"are":[18,90,108],"an":[19,135],"educational":[20],"innovation":[21],"in":[22,103,157,175],"which":[23,104],"unscramble":[25],"provided":[26,88],"lines":[27,120],"of":[28,81,86,97],"code,":[29],"as":[30,173],"a":[31,79,94,129,161],"step":[32],"towards":[33],"bridging":[34],"the":[35,68,87],"gap":[36],"between":[37,177],"reading":[38],"code.":[41],"Though":[42],"have":[45],"been":[46],"found":[47],"effective,":[48],"there":[49],"is":[50],"some":[51],"evidence":[52],"that":[53,146],"can":[55,124],"use":[56],"syntactic":[57],"heuristics":[58],"help":[60],"them":[61],"solve":[62],"these":[63],"problems":[64,164],"without":[65,131],"fully":[66],"understanding":[67],"solution..":[69],"To":[70],"address":[71],"this":[72,98,192],"limitation,":[73],"we":[74],"introduce":[75],"Faded":[76],"Problems,":[78,102],"variation":[80,115],"where":[84],"parts":[85],"incomplete.":[91],"We":[92],"explore":[93],"specific":[95],"instantiation":[96],"idea,":[99],"Blank-Variable":[100,122,171,184],"all":[105],"variable":[106],"names":[107],"blanked":[109],"out.":[110],"Unlike":[111],"another":[112],"Problem":[114],"-":[116,121],"adding":[117],"distractor":[118],"be":[125,187],"automatically":[126],"created":[127],"from":[128,134],"solution":[130],"additional":[132],"effort":[133],"instructor.":[136],"A":[137],"75":[138],"minute":[139],"pilot":[140],"study":[141],"with":[142,165],"CS1":[143],"indicates":[145],"solving":[147],"standard":[148],"does":[151],"not":[152],"lead":[153],"short-term":[155],"near-transfer":[156],"writing,":[159,182],"suggesting":[160,183],"need":[162],"for":[163],"less":[166],"scaffolding.":[167],"Additionally,":[168],"self-report":[170],"fitting":[174],"difficulty":[176],"may":[186],"one":[188],"opportunity":[189],"fill":[191],"gap.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
