{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008893685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3328778.3366797","title":"Code, Connect, Create","display_name":"Code, Connect, Create","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008893685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3328778.3366797","mag":"3008893685"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3328778.3366797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3328778.3366797","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3328778.3366797","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3328778.3366797","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004660752","display_name":"Robin Jocius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9846-9995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91036609","display_name":"Citadel","ror":"https://ror.org/01vwr6t80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91036609"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robin Jocius","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Citadel, Charleston, SC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Citadel, Charleston, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91036609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015659456","display_name":"Deepti Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3274-5907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91036609","display_name":"Citadel","ror":"https://ror.org/01vwr6t80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91036609"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepti Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Citadel, Charleston, SC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Citadel, Charleston, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91036609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070255018","display_name":"Yihuan Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2021-0170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihuan Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013115261","display_name":"Richard D. Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0385-2925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91036609","display_name":"Citadel","ror":"https://ror.org/01vwr6t80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91036609"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Citadel, Charleston, SC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Citadel, Charleston, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91036609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090781324","display_name":"Veronica Catet\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7620-7708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veronica Catet\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083076004","display_name":"Tiffany Barnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6500-9976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiffany Barnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062967485","display_name":"Jennifer Albert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8015-1105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91036609","display_name":"Citadel","ror":"https://ror.org/01vwr6t80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91036609"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Albert","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Citadel, Charleston, SC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Citadel, Charleston, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91036609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006510864","display_name":"Ashley Andrews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1060-4057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91036609","display_name":"Citadel","ror":"https://ror.org/01vwr6t80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91036609"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashley Andrews","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Citadel, Charleston, SC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Citadel, Charleston, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91036609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047923729","display_name":"Nicholas Lytle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-9905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Lytle","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004660752"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91036609"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1199,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96167247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"971","last_page":"977"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9763000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13937","display_name":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","score":0.9474999904632568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-thinking","display_name":"Computational thinking","score":0.7922748327255249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discipline","display_name":"Discipline","score":0.6317083239555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5777454972267151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5604100823402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4940059781074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-development","display_name":"Professional development","score":0.4441739022731781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.3768804371356964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.36198610067367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.21809527277946472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780368719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157342","display_name":"Computational thinking","level":2,"score":0.7922748327255249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8795937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11862829","display_name":"Discipline","level":2,"score":0.6317083239555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5777454972267151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5604100823402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4940059781074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.4441739022731781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3768804371356964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36198610067367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21809527277946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3328778.3366797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3328778.3366797","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3328778.3366797","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3328778.3366797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3328778.3366797","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3328778.3366797","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2959894628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"174235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5678564388","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1742351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7733154740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1742332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3008893685.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3008893685.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140259068","https://openalex.org/W409344806","https://openalex.org/W1687473687","https://openalex.org/W1815090327","https://openalex.org/W1963557108","https://openalex.org/W1982703483","https://openalex.org/W1990060255","https://openalex.org/W2000117884","https://openalex.org/W2005687710","https://openalex.org/W2018037215","https://openalex.org/W2060486579","https://openalex.org/W2076254283","https://openalex.org/W2082563645","https://openalex.org/W2100029531","https://openalex.org/W2109355610","https://openalex.org/W2109700222","https://openalex.org/W2137520444","https://openalex.org/W2146691185","https://openalex.org/W2149612368","https://openalex.org/W2167284058","https://openalex.org/W2247854788","https://openalex.org/W2324497025","https://openalex.org/W2339183141","https://openalex.org/W2413080797","https://openalex.org/W2531461299","https://openalex.org/W2592406839","https://openalex.org/W2760706586","https://openalex.org/W2886409168","https://openalex.org/W2915254736","https://openalex.org/W4253944218","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2769482900","https://openalex.org/W3155803285","https://openalex.org/W2769928932","https://openalex.org/W3213086777","https://openalex.org/W2551768522","https://openalex.org/W2742379954","https://openalex.org/W3033687264","https://openalex.org/W4379876866","https://openalex.org/W2565189632"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,22,48,79,126,137,165],"increasing":[2],"attention":[3],"to":[4,28,34,61,170,176],"infusing":[5,71],"CT":[6,39,154],"into":[7,74,156],"middle":[8,63,181],"and":[9,26,38,51,64,84,101,121,151,173,182],"high":[10,65,183],"school":[11,66,184],"content":[12,37,67,143],"area":[13,68,144],"classrooms,":[14,145],"there":[15],"is":[16],"a":[17],"lack":[18],"of":[19,116,136,139,167],"information":[20],"about":[21],"most":[23],"effective":[24],"practices":[25,179],"models":[27],"support":[29,62],"teachers":[30,69,104],"in":[31,70,106,133,142,180],"their":[32,75,149],"efforts":[33],"integrate":[35],"disciplinary":[36,157],"principles.":[40],"To":[41,77],"address":[42],"this":[43,45,168],"need,":[44],"paper":[46],"proposes":[47],"Code,":[49],"Connect":[50],"Create":[52],"(3C)":[53],"professional":[54,128],"development":[55,129],"(PD)":[56],"model,":[57,80],"which":[58],"was":[59],"designed":[60,93],"computational":[72,140,177],"thinking":[73,141,178],"classrooms.":[76,185],"evaluate":[78],"we":[81,123],"analyzed":[82],"quantitative":[83],"qualitative":[85],"data":[86],"collected":[87],"from":[88,113],"Infusing":[89],"Computing":[90],"PD":[91],"workshops":[92],"for":[94,164],"in-service":[95],"science,":[96],"math,":[97],"English":[98],"language":[99],"arts,":[100],"social":[102],"studies":[103],"located":[105],"two":[107],"Southeastern":[108],"states.":[109],"Drawing":[110],"on":[111],"findings":[112],"our":[114],"analysis":[115],"teacher-created":[117],"learning":[118],"segments,":[119],"surveys,":[120],"interviews,":[122],"argue":[124],"that":[125],"3C":[127],"model":[130,169],"supported":[131],"shifts":[132],"teacher":[134,172],"understandings":[135],"role":[138],"as":[146,148],"well":[147],"self-efficacy":[150],"beliefs":[152],"regarding":[153],"integration":[155],"content.":[158],"We":[159],"conclude":[160],"by":[161],"offering":[162],"implications":[163],"use":[166],"increase":[171],"student":[174],"access":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}