{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949913798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326285.3329056","title":"NFVdeep","display_name":"NFVdeep","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949913798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326285.3329056","mag":"2949913798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3326285.3329056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326285.3329056","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Quality of Service","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044003394","display_name":"Yikai Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yikai Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045371717","display_name":"Qixia Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2507-4773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qixia Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048398271","display_name":"Fangming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8570-1345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404643","display_name":"Jia Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3165-7051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074355807","display_name":"Miao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4324-1467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020574039","display_name":"Zhongxing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-8882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongxing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100628333","display_name":"Jiaxing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1324-6486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044003394"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.0556,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":201,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99547498,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.844063401222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.6632087230682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-network","display_name":"Virtual network","score":0.6208380460739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.615470290184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5430078506469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5405463576316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5086449384689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-space","display_name":"State space","score":0.4389094412326813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.40898680686950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.38860511779785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21548905968666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1008322536945343}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.844063401222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.6632087230682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.6208380460739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.615470290184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5430078506469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5405463576316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5086449384689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72434380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230930","display_name":"State space","level":2,"score":0.4389094412326813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.40898680686950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.38860511779785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21548905968666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1008322536945343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3326285.3329056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326285.3329056","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Quality of Service","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525264275","https://openalex.org/W1578960134","https://openalex.org/W1997650479","https://openalex.org/W2000238032","https://openalex.org/W2026317040","https://openalex.org/W2043352445","https://openalex.org/W2087203776","https://openalex.org/W2091432990","https://openalex.org/W2138314086","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2154182965","https://openalex.org/W2155027007","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2260783129","https://openalex.org/W2289096564","https://openalex.org/W2319313589","https://openalex.org/W2470210030","https://openalex.org/W2483730973","https://openalex.org/W2492309821","https://openalex.org/W2535035287","https://openalex.org/W2578141873","https://openalex.org/W2579461576","https://openalex.org/W2580175322","https://openalex.org/W2584197936","https://openalex.org/W2585512500","https://openalex.org/W2586118222","https://openalex.org/W2591732478","https://openalex.org/W2593522104","https://openalex.org/W2607447654","https://openalex.org/W2612179101","https://openalex.org/W2730237704","https://openalex.org/W2734629956","https://openalex.org/W2736119169","https://openalex.org/W2783547952","https://openalex.org/W2788163338","https://openalex.org/W2789994870","https://openalex.org/W2792251914","https://openalex.org/W2793337561","https://openalex.org/W2803807674","https://openalex.org/W2808291900","https://openalex.org/W2918840401","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2963162514","https://openalex.org/W3101743077"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3096874164","https://openalex.org/W2937181779","https://openalex.org/W2386410636","https://openalex.org/W1985560493","https://openalex.org/W2357975469","https://openalex.org/W2145363145","https://openalex.org/W1626977535","https://openalex.org/W2341346307","https://openalex.org/W3168977894","https://openalex.org/W4225571923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,59,81,91,99,148,164,184],"evolution":[2],"of":[3,21,44,94,102],"network":[4,9,24,28,61,83,178],"function":[5,17],"virtualization":[6],"(NFV),":[7],"diverse":[8],"services":[10],"can":[11],"be":[12],"flexibly":[13],"offered":[14],"as":[15],"service":[16,45,65],"chains":[18],"(SFCs)":[19],"consisted":[20],"different":[22,42,121],"virtual":[23],"functions":[25],"(VNFs).":[26],"However,":[27],"state":[29,84,179],"and":[30,63,97,151,167,192],"traffic":[31],"typically":[32],"exhibit":[33],"unpredictable":[34],"variations":[35,62],"due":[36],"to":[37,57,79,88,114,130,146,153,170],"stochastically":[38],"arriving":[39,171],"requests":[40,119,172],"with":[41,120,133],"quality":[43],"(QoS)":[46],"requirements.":[47,123],"Thus,":[48],"an":[49,107],"adaptive":[50],"online":[51],"SFC":[52],"deployment":[53],"approach":[54,113],"is":[55],"needed":[56],"handle":[58],"real-time":[60],"various":[64],"requests.":[66],"In":[67,86],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"we":[70,104,125],"firstly":[71],"introduce":[72],"a":[73,127,141],"Markov":[74],"decision":[75],"process":[76,166],"(MDP)":[77],"model":[78],"capture":[80],"dynamic":[82],"transitions.":[85],"order":[87],"jointly":[89],"minimize":[90],"operation":[92,195],"cost":[93,196],"NFV":[95],"providers":[96],"maximize":[98],"total":[100],"throughput":[101,191],"requests,":[103],"propose":[105],"NFVdeep,":[106],"adaptive,":[108],"online,":[109],"deep":[110],"reinforcement":[111],"learning":[112],"automatically":[115],"deploy":[116],"SFCs":[117],"for":[118],"QoS":[122],"Specifically,":[124],"use":[126],"serialization-and-backtracking":[128],"method":[129,145],"effectively":[131],"deal":[132],"large":[134],"discrete":[135],"action":[136],"space.":[137,180],"We":[138],"also":[139],"adopt":[140],"policy":[142],"gradient":[143],"based":[144],"improve":[147],"training":[149,165],"efficiency":[150],"convergence":[152],"optimality.":[154],"Extensive":[155],"experimental":[156],"results":[157],"demonstrate":[158],"that":[159],"NFVdeep":[160,182],"converges":[161],"fast":[162],"in":[163,174],"responds":[168],"rapidly":[169],"especially":[173],"large,":[175],"frequently":[176],"transferred":[177],"Consequently,":[181],"surpasses":[183],"state-of-the-art":[185],"methods":[186],"by":[187],"32.59%":[188],"higher":[189],"accepted":[190],"33.29%":[193],"lower":[194],"on":[197],"average.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00"}
