{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3122291680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3324884.3416576","title":"No strings attached","display_name":"No strings attached","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3122291680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3324884.3416576","mag":"3122291680"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3324884.3416576","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3324884.3416576","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 35th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002459483","display_name":"Aryaz Eghbali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aryaz Eghbali","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013438083","display_name":"Michael Pradel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1623-498X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Pradel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"956","last_page":"967"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.728144645690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6993592977523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/javascript","display_name":"JavaScript","score":0.6812276840209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6157013177871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.595409631729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string-metric","display_name":"String metric","score":0.5094180703163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.48516231775283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string-searching-algorithm","display_name":"String searching algorithm","score":0.4685816466808319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4145113527774811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-matching","display_name":"Pattern matching","score":0.20688199996948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12511518597602844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.728144645690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6993592977523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544833334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005","display_name":"JavaScript","level":2,"score":0.6812276840209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6157013177871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.595409631729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22820288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9050568","display_name":"String metric","level":4,"score":0.5094180703163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.48516231775283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7757238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374040","display_name":"String searching algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4685816466808319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4145113527774811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.20688199996948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12511518597602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3324884.3416576","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3324884.3416576","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 35th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1922903452","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"851895","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338352","funder_display_name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338352","display_name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64156013","https://openalex.org/W90447038","https://openalex.org/W109452506","https://openalex.org/W777621473","https://openalex.org/W1563402047","https://openalex.org/W1565113942","https://openalex.org/W1809751277","https://openalex.org/W1986453394","https://openalex.org/W2033890725","https://openalex.org/W2041713059","https://openalex.org/W2044158608","https://openalex.org/W2049214202","https://openalex.org/W2049639527","https://openalex.org/W2054520963","https://openalex.org/W2075079981","https://openalex.org/W2086464170","https://openalex.org/W2095839586","https://openalex.org/W2101161997","https://openalex.org/W2110318050","https://openalex.org/W2129377409","https://openalex.org/W2136646111","https://openalex.org/W2145458045","https://openalex.org/W2146878883","https://openalex.org/W2150733339","https://openalex.org/W2152874840","https://openalex.org/W2157260510","https://openalex.org/W2166381878","https://openalex.org/W2324595780","https://openalex.org/W2364861723","https://openalex.org/W2460699391","https://openalex.org/W2521352760","https://openalex.org/W2724374034","https://openalex.org/W2767603763","https://openalex.org/W2767894675","https://openalex.org/W2806253293","https://openalex.org/W2806718802","https://openalex.org/W2850992922","https://openalex.org/W2879105418","https://openalex.org/W2888223970","https://openalex.org/W2898674000","https://openalex.org/W2954950681","https://openalex.org/W2968594320","https://openalex.org/W2998011150","https://openalex.org/W3008797115","https://openalex.org/W3090797304","https://openalex.org/W4232808412","https://openalex.org/W4239312229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387762656","https://openalex.org/W2986277685","https://openalex.org/W2519145296","https://openalex.org/W2590193441","https://openalex.org/W2187092961","https://openalex.org/W2187002734","https://openalex.org/W4288309913","https://openalex.org/W4230921427","https://openalex.org/W2998410131","https://openalex.org/W2462428821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Strings":[0],"play":[1,144],"many":[2,154,207],"roles":[3],"in":[4,44,131,138,214],"programming":[5],"because":[6],"they":[7,259],"often":[8,199],"contain":[9],"complex":[10],"and":[11,48,95,97,103,119,172,232,253,266,275],"semantically":[12],"rich":[13],"information.":[14],"For":[15],"example,":[16],"programmers":[17],"use":[18],"strings":[19,60,143],"to":[20,27,40,49,62,88,98,262,269],"filter":[21],"inputs":[22],"via":[23],"regular":[24,173],"expression":[25],"matching,":[26],"express":[28],"the":[29,91,110,115,209,215,229,251,271],"names":[30],"of":[31,38,59,66,82,114,122,135,163,183,191,208,226,237,255,273],"program":[32],"elements":[33],"accessed":[34],"through":[35],"some":[36],"form":[37],"reflection,":[39],"embed":[41],"code":[42],"written":[43,137],"another":[45],"formal":[46],"language,":[47],"assemble":[50],"textual":[51],"output":[52,187],"produced":[53],"by":[54,159,242],"a":[55,63,132,140,145,160,180,203],"program.":[56],"The":[57,80],"omnipresence":[58],"leads":[61,87],"wide":[64],"range":[65],"mistakes":[67,93,156,265],"that":[68,153,176,195,219,234],"developers":[69,89,261],"may":[70],"make,":[71],"yet":[72],"little":[73],"is":[74],"currently":[75],"known":[76],"about":[77,84],"these":[78,238],"mistakes.":[79],"lack":[81],"knowledge":[83],"string-related":[85,123,129,155,177,197,220,256,277],"bugs":[86,130,178,198,221,239],"repeating":[90],"same":[92],"again":[94],"again,":[96],"poor":[99],"support":[100],"for":[101],"finding":[102,274],"fixing":[104,196,276],"such":[105,167],"bugs.":[106,124,278],"This":[107],"paper":[108],"presents":[109],"first":[111],"empirical":[112],"study":[113,127],"root":[116,164],"causes,":[117],"consequences,":[118,184],"other":[120],"properties":[121],"We":[125],"systematically":[126],"204":[128],"diverse":[133,181],"set":[134,162,182],"projects":[136],"JavaScript,":[139],"language":[141],"where":[142],"particularly":[146],"important":[147],"role.":[148],"Our":[149,246],"findings":[150,247],"include":[151],"(i)":[152],"are":[157,240],"caused":[158],"recurring":[161],"cause":[165],"patterns,":[166],"as":[168],"incorrect":[169,186],"string":[170],"literals":[171],"expressions,":[174],"(ii)":[175],"have":[179],"including":[185,228],"or":[188],"silent":[189],"omission":[190],"expected":[192],"behavior,":[193],"(iii)":[194],"requires":[200],"changing":[201],"just":[202],"single":[204],"line,":[205],"with":[206],"required":[210],"repair":[211],"ingredients":[212],"available":[213],"surrounding":[216],"code,":[217],"(iv)":[218],"occur":[222],"across":[223],"all":[224],"parts":[225],"applications,":[227],"core":[230],"components,":[231],"(v)":[233],"almost":[235],"none":[236],"detected":[241],"existing":[243],"static":[244],"analyzers.":[245],"not":[248],"only":[249],"show":[250],"importance":[252],"prevalence":[254],"bugs,":[257],"but":[258],"help":[260],"avoid":[263],"common":[264],"tool":[267],"builders":[268],"tackle":[270],"challenge":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
