{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964225668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3322640.3326716","title":"Explainable Bayesian Network Query Results via Natural Language Generation Systems","display_name":"Explainable Bayesian Network Query Results via Natural Language Generation Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964225668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3322640.3326716","mag":"2964225668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3322640.3326716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3322640.3326716","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014605577","display_name":"Jeroen Keppens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3858-7858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeroen Keppens","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014605577"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7647,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77570868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"42","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7995619773864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-generation","display_name":"Natural language generation","score":0.618615984916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-network","display_name":"Bayesian network","score":0.5915824770927429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-optimization","display_name":"Query optimization","score":0.48202836513519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4664005637168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-language","display_name":"Query language","score":0.4227031469345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.4109047055244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39322665333747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.2479877769947052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7995619773864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.618615984916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33724603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812540","display_name":"Bayesian network","level":2,"score":0.5915824770927429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157692150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919848","display_name":"Query optimization","level":2,"score":0.48202836513519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4664005637168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.4227031469345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.4109047055244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39322665333747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2479877769947052}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3322640.3326716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3322640.3326716","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/cbf67348-300f-494b-adf1-e14a6c997af9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/cbf67348-300f-494b-adf1-e14a6c997af9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Keppens, J 2019, Explainable Bayesian network query results via natural language generation systems. in Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, ICAIL 2019. pp. 42-51, 17th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, ICAIL 2019, Montreal, Canada, 17/06/2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3322640.3326716","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89983288","https://openalex.org/W178169250","https://openalex.org/W568057840","https://openalex.org/W1015225754","https://openalex.org/W1507020546","https://openalex.org/W1526328753","https://openalex.org/W1985860210","https://openalex.org/W1989486129","https://openalex.org/W2002170441","https://openalex.org/W2025607880","https://openalex.org/W2045738181","https://openalex.org/W2070016268","https://openalex.org/W2085526502","https://openalex.org/W2087334523","https://openalex.org/W2101452140","https://openalex.org/W2129639577","https://openalex.org/W2145540189","https://openalex.org/W2161686340","https://openalex.org/W2165059084","https://openalex.org/W2519350072","https://openalex.org/W2614914510","https://openalex.org/W2759618930","https://openalex.org/W2798149936","https://openalex.org/W3020913839","https://openalex.org/W4301137208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2587788185","https://openalex.org/W2366651441","https://openalex.org/W2346156264","https://openalex.org/W167954595","https://openalex.org/W2613315474","https://openalex.org/W1576819684","https://openalex.org/W2035591240","https://openalex.org/W2034879473","https://openalex.org/W2023254842","https://openalex.org/W2109072972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bayesian":[0,138,160],"networks":[1],"(BNs)":[2],"are":[3],"an":[4],"important":[5],"modelling":[6],"technique":[7],"used":[8],"to":[9,26,54,64,78,103,136,145,152,172],"support":[10,117],"certain":[11],"types":[12],"of":[13,31,50,59,68,88,107,109,159,182],"decision":[14,40],"making":[15],"in":[16,23,121],"law":[17],"and":[18,34,84,156],"forensics.":[19],"Their":[20],"value":[21],"lies":[22],"their":[24,45],"ability":[25],"infer":[27],"the":[28,51,55,62,69,85,105,115,150,163,180,183],"rational":[29],"implications":[30],"probabilistic":[32],"knowledge":[33],"beliefs,":[35],"a":[36,128,142,166],"task":[37],"that":[38,98,148],"human":[39],"makers":[41],"struggle":[42],"with.":[43],"However,":[44],"use":[46,58],"is":[47,61],"controversial.":[48],"One":[49],"main":[52],"obstacles":[53],"more":[56,154],"widespread":[57],"BNs":[60,83],"difficulty":[63],"acquire":[65],"good":[66],"explanations":[67,158],"results":[70],"obtained":[71],"with":[72],"BNs.":[73],"While":[74],"useful":[75],"techniques":[76,93],"exist":[77],"visualise,":[79],"verbalise":[80],"or":[81],"abstract":[82],"inner":[86],"workings":[87],"belief":[89],"propagation":[90],"algorithms,":[91],"these":[92],"provide":[94],"generic,":[95],"one-size-fits-all":[96],"explanations,":[97],"have,":[99],"thus":[100],"far,":[101],"failed":[102],"stem":[104],"criticism":[106],"lack":[108],"explainable":[110],"BN":[111,146],"results.":[112],"Building":[113],"on":[114],"qualified":[116],"graph":[118],"method":[119],"introduced":[120],"earlier":[122],"work,":[123],"this":[124],"paper":[125],"outlines":[126],"how":[127],"natural":[129],"language":[130],"generation":[131],"system":[132,167],"can":[133,169],"be":[134,170],"constructed":[135],"explain":[137],"inference.":[139],"This":[140],"constitutes":[141],"novel":[143],"approach":[144],"explanation":[147],"has":[149],"potential":[151],"produce":[153],"focussed":[155],"compelling":[157],"inference":[161],"as":[162],"narratives":[164],"such":[165],"produces":[168],"tailored":[171],"address":[173],"specific":[174],"communicative":[175],"goals":[176],"and,":[177],"by":[178],"extension,":[179],"needs":[181],"user.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
