{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955332860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321707.3321867","title":"Optimising bus routes with fixed terminal nodes","display_name":"Optimising bus routes with fixed terminal nodes","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955332860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321707.3321867","mag":"2955332860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3321707.3321867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321707.3321867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025476474","display_name":"Leena Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7478-9901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leena Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084293392","display_name":"Philipp Heyken-Soares","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Heyken-Soares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nottingham University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078397386","display_name":"Christine L. Mumford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4514-0272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Mumford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021318513","display_name":"Yong Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-1171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nottingham University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1789,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9520202,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1102","last_page":"1110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.835543692111969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminal","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","score":0.759662389755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7356683015823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.7324900031089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.6240745186805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6238176226615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.5139452815055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bus-network","display_name":"Bus network","score":0.43086937069892883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3756503164768219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2911701798439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.18756261467933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1384533941745758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11939650774002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-bus","display_name":"Control bus","score":0.08685934543609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08376994729042053}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.835543692111969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779664074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518405","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.759662389755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7356683015823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.7324900031089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.6240745186805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6238176226615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.5139452815055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54609922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748329","display_name":"Bus network","level":4,"score":0.43086937069892883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3756503164768219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2911701798439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.18756261467933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1384533941745758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11939650774002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203315745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2235486","display_name":"Control bus","level":3,"score":0.08685934543609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08376994729042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136321198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2377054","display_name":"System bus","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3321707.3321867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321707.3321867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:124589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981167958","https://openalex.org/W2010327686","https://openalex.org/W2017880525","https://openalex.org/W2018619682","https://openalex.org/W2030910540","https://openalex.org/W2039011264","https://openalex.org/W2047937685","https://openalex.org/W2051046319","https://openalex.org/W2072441740","https://openalex.org/W2085002156","https://openalex.org/W2090653922","https://openalex.org/W2093286150","https://openalex.org/W2115113834","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2136366792","https://openalex.org/W2140759234","https://openalex.org/W2169440812","https://openalex.org/W2896302100","https://openalex.org/W2964848975","https://openalex.org/W4206490616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3211557223","https://openalex.org/W1528816634","https://openalex.org/W2007036916","https://openalex.org/W4206528302","https://openalex.org/W872563264","https://openalex.org/W2164087676","https://openalex.org/W4240867999","https://openalex.org/W2416728927","https://openalex.org/W3213305954","https://openalex.org/W632855598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"urban":[1],"transit":[2],"routing":[3],"problem":[4,18],"(UTRP)":[5],"is":[6,19,31],"concerned":[7],"with":[8,51,118,140],"finding":[9],"efficient":[10],"travelling":[11],"routes":[12,165],"for":[13,44,132],"public":[14],"transportation":[15,80],"systems.":[16],"This":[17],"highly":[20],"complex,":[21],"and":[22,101,134,136],"the":[23,84,88,129,138,148,162],"development":[24],"of":[25,53,64,87,156],"effective":[26],"algorithms":[27],"to":[28,46,99,115,127],"solve":[29],"it":[30,42],"very":[32],"challenging.":[33],"Furthermore,":[34],"realistic":[35],"benchmark":[36,65],"data":[37,150],"sets":[38],"are":[39,97],"lacking,":[40],"making":[41],"difficult":[43],"researchers":[45],"compare":[47,137],"their":[48,103],"problem-solving":[49],"techniques":[50],"those":[52,141],"other":[54],"researchers.":[55],"In":[56,105],"this":[57],"paper":[58],"we":[59,107],"contribute":[60],"a":[61,72,77,109,154],"new":[62],"set":[63,155],"instances":[66,117],"that":[67,74,159],"have":[68],"been":[69],"generated":[70],"by":[71,143,167],"procedure":[73],"scales":[75],"down":[76],"real":[78],"world":[79],"network,":[81],"yet":[82],"preserves":[83],"vital":[85],"characteristics":[86],"network":[89],"layout":[90],"including":[91],"\"terminal":[92],"nodes\"":[93],"from":[94],"which":[95],"buses":[96],"restricted":[98],"start":[100],"end":[102],"journeys.":[104],"addition,":[106],"present":[108],"hyper-heuristic":[110,125],"solution":[111],"approach,":[112],"specially":[113],"tailored":[114],"solving":[116],"defined":[119],"terminal":[120],"nodes.":[121],"We":[122,152],"use":[123],"our":[124],"technique":[126],"optimise":[128],"generalised":[130],"costs":[131],"passengers":[133],"operators,":[135],"results":[139,158],"produced":[142],"an":[144],"NSGAII":[145],"implementation":[146],"on":[147,161],"same":[149],"set.":[151],"provide":[153],"competitive":[157],"improve":[160],"current":[163],"bus":[164,168],"used":[166],"operators":[169],"in":[170],"Nottingham.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
