{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2929800094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321707.3321769","title":"A hybrid metaheuristic approach to a real world employee scheduling problem","display_name":"A hybrid metaheuristic approach to a real world employee scheduling problem","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2929800094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321707.3321769","mag":"2929800094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3321707.3321769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321707.3321769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02100461","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028343284","display_name":"Kenneth N. Reid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8654-2430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth N. Reid","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stirling, Stirling, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stirling, Stirling, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078385256","display_name":"Jingpeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-0084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingpeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stirling, Stirling, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stirling, Stirling, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041490004","display_name":"Alexander E. I. Brownlee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2892-5059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Brownlee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stirling, Stirling, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stirling, Stirling, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072562856","display_name":"Mathias Kern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3734-6542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332878012","display_name":"BT Group (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kv9pj15","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14689143","display_name":"BT Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03308db07","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012","https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathias Kern","raw_affiliation_strings":["BT Applied Research, Ipswich, UK","British Telecom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Applied Research, Ipswich, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14689143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Telecom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091208973","display_name":"Nadarajen Veerapen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-1080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154855","display_name":"Groupe Cahors (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/050gb7v09","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154855"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadarajen Veerapen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CRIStAL Lille, France","Operational Research, Knowledge And Data"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRIStAL Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154855"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Operational Research, Knowledge And Data","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037668386","display_name":"Jerry Swan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1944-7147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerry Swan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stirling, Stirling, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stirling, Stirling, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112703069","display_name":"Gilbert Owusu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332878012","display_name":"BT Group (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kv9pj15","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14689143","display_name":"BT Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03308db07","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012","https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilbert Owusu","raw_affiliation_strings":["BT Applied Research, Ipswich, UK","British Telecom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Applied Research, Ipswich, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14689143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Telecom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1994,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75505051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1311","last_page":"1318"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.737737774848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"Simulated annealing","score":0.6524418592453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6511213779449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6169843077659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5876024961471558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-shop-scheduling","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","score":0.5513918399810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4887537956237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.32513898611068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.190190851688385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15876001119613647}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.737737774848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.6524418592453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6511213779449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6169843077659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5876024961471558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.5513918399810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4887537956237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.32513898611068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.190190851688385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15876001119613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3321707.3321769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321707.3321769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02100461v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02100461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://gecco-2019.sigevo.org/","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/29229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/29229/3/Paper__3___ER_SR___VNS.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400268","display_name":"Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","host_organization_name":"University of Stirling","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02100461v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02100461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://gecco-2019.sigevo.org/","raw_type":"Conference papers"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6794522244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J017515/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8385396385","display_name":"DAASE: Dynamic Adaptive Automated Software Engineering","funder_award_id":"EP/J017515/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W329163475","https://openalex.org/W1538746257","https://openalex.org/W2010334716","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2042881380","https://openalex.org/W2047003964","https://openalex.org/W2047080695","https://openalex.org/W2083780209","https://openalex.org/W2084792706","https://openalex.org/W2123696861","https://openalex.org/W2141119792","https://openalex.org/W2148948822","https://openalex.org/W2149929637","https://openalex.org/W2158276170","https://openalex.org/W2162423772","https://openalex.org/W2486648655","https://openalex.org/W2508609836","https://openalex.org/W2523385593","https://openalex.org/W2588066546","https://openalex.org/W2809798025","https://openalex.org/W2884885225","https://openalex.org/W2928829049","https://openalex.org/W3123266901","https://openalex.org/W3124397511","https://openalex.org/W4248841288","https://openalex.org/W4253364378","https://openalex.org/W6630890804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789681586","https://openalex.org/W2794361564","https://openalex.org/W4243392960","https://openalex.org/W1939200287","https://openalex.org/W2082305040","https://openalex.org/W4381955380","https://openalex.org/W150166259","https://openalex.org/W3204654320","https://openalex.org/W2025955409","https://openalex.org/W1577301438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Employee":[0],"scheduling":[1,64,118],"problems":[2,11],"are":[3,12],"of":[4,20,29,41,61,120],"critical":[5],"importance":[6],"to":[7,14,17,55,66,85,102],"large":[8,18],"businesses.":[9],"These":[10],"hard":[13],"solve":[15,56],"due":[16],"numbers":[19],"conflicting":[21],"constraints.":[22],"While":[23],"many":[24],"approaches":[25],"address":[26],"a":[27,57,127],"subset":[28],"these":[30],"constraints,":[31],"there":[32],"is":[33,110,132],"no":[34],"single":[35],"approach":[36],"for":[37],"simultaneously":[38],"addressing":[39],"all":[40],"them.":[42],"We":[43,69],"hybridise":[44],"'Evolutionary":[45],"Ruin":[46],"&":[47],"Stochastic":[48],"Recreate'":[49],"and":[50],"'Variable":[51],"Neighbourhood":[52],"Search'":[53],"metaheuristics":[54],"real":[58,115],"world":[59,116],"instance":[60],"the":[62,76,81,103,114],"employee":[63],"problem":[65],"near":[67],"optimality.":[68],"compare":[70],"this":[71],"with":[72],"Simulated":[73],"Annealing,":[74],"exploring":[75],"algorithm":[77,91],"configuration":[78],"space":[79],"using":[80],"irace":[82],"software":[83],"package":[84],"ensure":[86],"fair":[87],"comparison.":[88],"The":[89],"hybrid":[90],"generates":[92],"schedules":[93],"that":[94],"reduce":[95],"unmet":[96],"demand":[97],"by":[98],"over":[99],"28%":[100],"compared":[101],"baseline.":[104],"All":[105],"data":[106,131],"used,":[107],"where":[108,130],"possible,":[109],"either":[111],"directly":[112],"from":[113,126],"engineer":[117],"operation":[119],"around":[121],"25,000":[122],"employees,":[123],"or":[124],"synthesised":[125],"related":[128],"distribution":[129],"unavailable.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}