{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962809445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321705.3329846","title":"Thermanator","display_name":"Thermanator","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962809445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321705.3329846","mag":"2962809445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3321705.3329846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321705.3329846","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076822058","display_name":"Tyler Kaczmarek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tyler Kaczmarek","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063559005","display_name":"Ercan Ozturk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8789-8372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ercan Ozturk","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009882362","display_name":"Gene Tsudik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8467-8614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gene Tsudik","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076822058"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0523,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9280249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"586","last_page":"593"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9624999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.8983488082885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6647252440452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insider","display_name":"Insider","score":0.6318514347076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40559932589530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.35412174463272095}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.8983488082885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6647252440452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778971194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664551","display_name":"Insider","level":2,"score":0.6318514347076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40559932589530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35412174463272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3321705.3329846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321705.3329846","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110254507","https://openalex.org/W265485107","https://openalex.org/W1626992774","https://openalex.org/W1955645522","https://openalex.org/W1964142874","https://openalex.org/W1973132608","https://openalex.org/W1980800818","https://openalex.org/W2017893272","https://openalex.org/W2024619322","https://openalex.org/W2074367177","https://openalex.org/W2081914368","https://openalex.org/W2083295738","https://openalex.org/W2128025167","https://openalex.org/W2139094422","https://openalex.org/W2160221987","https://openalex.org/W2163993689","https://openalex.org/W2214038234","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2514505845","https://openalex.org/W2525572646","https://openalex.org/W2610295646","https://openalex.org/W6636759762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W143386018","https://openalex.org/W1004582678","https://openalex.org/W2656445685","https://openalex.org/W2115218409","https://openalex.org/W2090949570","https://openalex.org/W2263162522","https://openalex.org/W107495730","https://openalex.org/W3000053734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Being":[0],"warm-blooded":[1],"mammals,":[2],"we":[3,14,113,201,243],"humans":[4],"routinely":[5],"leave":[6],"thermal":[7,42,56,81,110,147,236],"residues":[8,148],"on":[9,123,133,160],"various":[10],"objects":[11],"with":[12],"which":[13,55],"come":[15],"in":[16],"contact.":[17],"This":[18,95],"includes":[19],"common":[20],"input":[21,63],"devices,":[22],"such":[23,36],"as":[24,37,97,178,180,193,195],"keyboards,":[25,84],"that":[26,145,167,203],"are":[27,206,239],"used":[28],"for":[29,101,105,249],"entering":[30,152],"(among":[31],"other":[32],"things)":[33],"secret":[34],"information,":[35],"passwords":[38,155,221,254],"and":[39,69,85,140,158,241],"PINs.":[40],"Although":[41],"residue":[43],"dissipates":[44],"over":[45],"time,":[46],"there":[47,74],"is":[48,214,222],"always":[49],"a":[50,103,116,128,131,134,142],"certain":[51],"time":[52],"window":[53],"during":[54],"energy":[57],"readings":[58],"can":[59,172,190],"be":[60,173,191],"harvested":[61],"from":[62,108,149],"devices":[64],"to":[65,92,219],"recover":[66],"recently":[67],"entered,":[68],"potentially":[70],"sensitive,":[71],"information.":[72],"To-date,":[73],"has":[75],"been":[76,90],"no":[77,87],"systematic":[78],"investigation":[79],"of":[80,83,170,211],"profiles":[82],"thus":[86],"efforts":[88],"have":[89],"made":[91],"secure":[93,225],"them.":[94],"serves":[96],"our":[98,212],"main":[99],"motivation":[100],"constructing":[102],"means":[104],"password":[106,132,185,250],"harvesting":[107],"keyboard":[109],"emanations.":[111],"Specifically,":[112],"introduce":[114],"Thermanator,":[115],"new":[117],"post":[118,230],"factum":[119,231],"insider":[120],"attack":[121],"based":[122],"heat":[124],"transfer":[125],"caused":[126],"by":[127,175],"user":[129,143],"typing":[130],"typical":[135],"external":[136],"keyboard.":[137],"We":[138],"conduct":[139],"describe":[141],"study":[144],"collected":[146],"30":[150,181],"users":[151,177],"10":[153],"unique":[154],"(both":[156],"weak":[157],"strong)":[159],"4":[161],"popular":[162],"commodity":[163],"keyboards.":[164],"Results":[165],"show":[166],"entire":[168],"sets":[169,189],"key-presses":[171],"recovered":[174,192],"non-expert":[176],"late":[179,194],"seconds":[182],"after":[183,198],"initial":[184],"entry,":[186,251],"while":[187],"partial":[188],"1":[196],"minute":[197],"entry.":[199],"Furthermore,":[200],"find":[202],"Hunt-and-Peck":[204],"typists":[205],"particularly":[207],"vulnerable.":[208],"The":[209],"take-away":[210],"work":[213],"three-fold:":[215],"(1)":[216],"using":[217,247],"keyboards":[218,248],"enter":[220],"even":[223],"less":[224],"than":[226],"previously":[227],"recognized,":[228],"(2)":[229],"(either":[232],"planned":[233],"or":[234,252],"impromptu)":[235],"imaging":[237],"attacks":[238],"realistic,":[240],"(3)":[242],"should":[244],"either":[245],"stop":[246],"abandon":[253],"altogether.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}
