{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2961698915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321705.3329823","title":"On The Unforkability of Monero","display_name":"On The Unforkability of Monero","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2961698915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321705.3329823","mag":"2961698915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3321705.3329823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321705.3329823","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://researchmgt.monash.edu/ws/files/280589594/276977913_oa.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049201649","display_name":"Dimaz Ankaa Wijaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8328-5555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dimaz Ankaa Wijaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Clayton, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Clayton, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023687478","display_name":"Joseph K. Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6656-6240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph K. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Clayton, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Clayton, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013548422","display_name":"Ron Steinfeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-4183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ron Steinfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Clayton, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Clayton, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004490190","display_name":"Dongxi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0221-2571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongxi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data61, CSIRO, Clayton, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data61, CSIRO, Clayton, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060534829","display_name":"Jiangshan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8006-7392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangshan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Clayton, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Clayton, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049201649"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5231,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93737772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"621","last_page":"632"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fork","display_name":"Fork (system call)","score":0.8893231153488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.8644439578056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6890208125114441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6665662527084351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6390788555145264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.6327503323554993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.5312642455101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.4881490170955658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2786654829978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.19709983468055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11105287075042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08914920687675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.07948309183120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.06511804461479187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40523978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14675","display_name":"Fork (system call)","level":2,"score":0.8893231153488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.8644439578056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6890208125114441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6665662527084351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6390788555145264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.6327503323554993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5312642455101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.4881490170955658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2786654829978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.19709983468055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11105287075042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08914920687675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07948309183120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06511804461479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3321705.3329823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321705.3329823","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:monash.edu:publications/85bcc68f-1eb0-48f2-bb72-2187566c953b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/85bcc68f-1eb0-48f2-bb72-2187566c953b","pdf_url":"https://researchmgt.monash.edu/ws/files/280589594/276977913_oa.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402625","display_name":"Monash University Research Portal (Monash University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","host_organization_name":"Monash University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wijaya, D A, Liu, J K, Steinfeld, R, Liu, D & Yu, J 2019, On the unforkability of Monero. in D Gollmann, E Kirda & Z Liang (eds), Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York NY USA, pp. 621-632, ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security 2019, Auckland, New Zealand, 7/07/19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3321705.3329823","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30136297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:monash.edu:publications/85bcc68f-1eb0-48f2-bb72-2187566c953b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/85bcc68f-1eb0-48f2-bb72-2187566c953b","pdf_url":"https://researchmgt.monash.edu/ws/files/280589594/276977913_oa.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402625","display_name":"Monash University Research Portal (Monash University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","host_organization_name":"Monash University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wijaya, D A, Liu, J K, Steinfeld, R, Liu, D & Yu, J 2019, On the unforkability of Monero. in D Gollmann, E Kirda & Z Liang (eds), Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York NY USA, pp. 621-632, ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security 2019, Auckland, New Zealand, 7/07/19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3321705.3329823","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2961698915.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2961698915.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123982455","https://openalex.org/W179922057","https://openalex.org/W1533905858","https://openalex.org/W2022932831","https://openalex.org/W2064803799","https://openalex.org/W2069276410","https://openalex.org/W2123845384","https://openalex.org/W2474664182","https://openalex.org/W2518729439","https://openalex.org/W2565287832","https://openalex.org/W2620870214","https://openalex.org/W2739551304","https://openalex.org/W2741911961","https://openalex.org/W2743496573","https://openalex.org/W2795295812","https://openalex.org/W2886047833","https://openalex.org/W2886177063","https://openalex.org/W2891023372","https://openalex.org/W2917327711","https://openalex.org/W2918553673","https://openalex.org/W2955967180","https://openalex.org/W2962718753","https://openalex.org/W2979788638","https://openalex.org/W2995339193","https://openalex.org/W3023945813","https://openalex.org/W4298047742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366411693","https://openalex.org/W3211641817","https://openalex.org/W3164717803","https://openalex.org/W4389915954","https://openalex.org/W3123387860","https://openalex.org/W4291291739","https://openalex.org/W2915579847","https://openalex.org/W2957710009","https://openalex.org/W3115531728","https://openalex.org/W4401075441"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monero,":[0],"ranked":[1],"as":[2,136],"one":[3],"of":[4,50,59,62,99,110,128,154],"the":[5,27,30,48,57,63,73,76,85,92,100,115,126,129,152,159,166],"top":[6],"privacy-preserving":[7],"cryptocurrencies":[8],"by":[9,56,90],"market":[10,137,140],"cap,":[11],"introduced":[12],"semi-annual":[13],"hard":[14,19,32,87],"fork":[15,20,88],"in":[16,26,34,119,158,165],"2018.":[17],"Although":[18,103],"is":[21],"not":[22],"an":[23,37,107],"uncommon":[24],"event":[25,130],"cryptocurrency":[28],"industry,":[29],"two":[31],"forks":[33,163],"2018":[35],"caused":[36],"anonymity":[38],"risk":[39],"to":[40,47,114,147,150],"Monero":[41,68,86,101,162],"where":[42],"transactions":[43],"became":[44],"traceable":[45,111],"due":[46],"problem":[49,153],"key":[51,155],"reuse.":[52],"Thisproblem":[53],"was":[54],"triggered":[55],"existence":[58],"multiple":[60,78],"copies":[61],"same":[64],"coin":[65],"on":[66,95,132],"different":[67,97],"blockchain":[69],"branches":[70,98],"such":[71,135],"that":[72,125],"users":[74],"spent":[75],"coins":[77],"times":[79],"without":[80],"preemptive":[81],"action.":[82],"We":[83,142],"investigate":[84],"events":[89],"analysing":[91],"transaction":[93],"data":[94],"three":[96],"blockchain.":[102],"we":[104],"have":[105],"discovered":[106],"insignificant":[108],"portion":[109],"inputs":[112,118],"compared":[113],"total":[116],"available":[117],"our":[120,122],"dataset,":[121],"analyses":[123],"show":[124],"scalability":[127],"depends":[131],"external":[133],"factors":[134],"price":[138],"and":[139],"availability.":[141],"propose":[143],"a":[144],"cheap,":[145],"easy":[146],"implement":[148],"strategy":[149],"prevent":[151],"reuse,":[156],"should":[157],"future":[160],"stronger":[161],"emerge":[164],"market.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
