{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2958793707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321705.3329806","title":"Can I Opt Out Yet?","display_name":"Can I Opt Out Yet?","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2958793707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321705.3329806","mag":"2958793707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3321705.3329806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321705.3329806","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029014592","display_name":"Iskander S\u00e1nchez-Rola","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iskander Sanchez-Rola","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Deusto & Symantec Research Labs, Sophia Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Deusto & Symantec Research Labs, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027942683","display_name":"Matteo Dell\u2019Amico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3152-4993"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Dell'Amico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symantec Research Labs, Sophia Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symantec Research Labs, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046448226","display_name":"Platon Kotzias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3375-6069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162154","display_name":"IMDEA Software Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04xvfkh51","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I4210162154"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Platon Kotzias","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Software Institute & University Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Software Institute & University Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162154"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002025561","display_name":"Davide Balzarotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5957-6213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Balzarotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034154377","display_name":"Leyla Bilge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8408-3741"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leyla Bilge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symantec Research Labs, Sophia Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symantec Research Labs, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110188430","display_name":"Pierre\u2010Antoine Vervier","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre-Antoine Vervier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symantec Research Labs, Sophia Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symantec Research Labs, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058251176","display_name":"Igor Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9511-8612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136040515","display_name":"Universidad de Deusto","ror":"https://ror.org/00ne6sr39","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igor Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029014592"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":37.806,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":137,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99749937,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"340","last_page":"351"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-data-protection-regulation","display_name":"General Data Protection Regulation","score":0.779748797416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.7204698920249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6782948970794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6123418211936951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union","display_name":"European union","score":0.5996946096420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opt-out","display_name":"Opt-out","score":0.5300877690315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personally-identifiable-information","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","score":0.4574112594127655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4175678789615631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3873700499534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-protection-act-1998","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","score":0.26320621371269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.25765419006347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"International trade","score":0.085743248462677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3090818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172506","display_name":"General Data Protection Regulation","level":3,"score":0.779748797416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.7204698920249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6782948970794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6123418211936951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.5996946096420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780291661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368455","display_name":"Opt-out","level":2,"score":0.5300877690315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.4574112594127655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4175678789615631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3873700499534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.26320621371269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.25765419006347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.085743248462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3321705.3329806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3321705.3329806","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/1070892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1070892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","ror":"https://ror.org/00pz2fp31"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487941708","https://openalex.org/W1507711477","https://openalex.org/W1516597575","https://openalex.org/W1525967479","https://openalex.org/W1788967622","https://openalex.org/W1849719115","https://openalex.org/W1863896037","https://openalex.org/W1966175380","https://openalex.org/W1967390364","https://openalex.org/W1993095244","https://openalex.org/W2045726900","https://openalex.org/W2123539383","https://openalex.org/W2143445293","https://openalex.org/W2157151879","https://openalex.org/W2157858807","https://openalex.org/W2159675343","https://openalex.org/W2171263140","https://openalex.org/W2297075900","https://openalex.org/W2340009374","https://openalex.org/W2463456957","https://openalex.org/W2488850733","https://openalex.org/W2535603283","https://openalex.org/W2536397799","https://openalex.org/W2612608334","https://openalex.org/W2615266218","https://openalex.org/W2771446126","https://openalex.org/W2798440203","https://openalex.org/W2805842630","https://openalex.org/W2887427605","https://openalex.org/W2891699316","https://openalex.org/W2902834429","https://openalex.org/W2922166134","https://openalex.org/W2951152347","https://openalex.org/W2963611340","https://openalex.org/W2998620258","https://openalex.org/W3124333016","https://openalex.org/W4253041633","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4295023194","https://openalex.org/W4399339983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3124211451","https://openalex.org/W2098557391","https://openalex.org/W2143560501","https://openalex.org/W2787177649","https://openalex.org/W4289450884","https://openalex.org/W3005222456","https://openalex.org/W2884195742","https://openalex.org/W4281619067","https://openalex.org/W4226389227","https://openalex.org/W4284891686"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"European":[1],"Union's":[2],"(EU)":[3],"General":[4],"Data":[5],"Protection":[6],"Regulation":[7],"(GDPR),":[8],"in":[9,41,77,111,143],"effect":[10],"since":[11],"May":[12],"2018,":[13],"enforces":[14],"strict":[15],"limitations":[16],"on":[17,27],"handling":[18],"users'":[19],"personal":[20],"data,":[21],"hence":[22],"impacting":[23],"their":[24],"activity":[25],"tracking":[26,39,64,101,123],"the":[28,38,51,56,62,71,98,113,117,141],"Web.":[29],"In":[30,126],"this":[31],"study,":[32],"we":[33,68,120,128,148],"perform":[34],"an":[35],"evaluation":[36],"of":[37,50,100,140,154],"performed":[40],"2,000":[42],"high-traffic":[43],"websites,":[44],"hosted":[45],"both":[46,55,82],"inside":[47],"and":[48,61,84,147],"outside":[49],"EU.":[52],"We":[53],"evaluate":[54],"information":[57],"presented":[58],"to":[59,90,171],"users":[60,134,170],"actual":[63],"implemented":[65],"through":[66],"cookies;":[67],"find":[69,121],"that":[70,122,131,156],"GDPR":[72],"has":[73],"impacted":[74],"website":[75],"behavior":[76],"a":[78,151],"truly":[79],"global":[80],"way,":[81],"directly":[83],"indirectly:":[85],"USA-based":[86],"websites":[87,104,142,155],"behave":[88],"similarly":[89],"EU-based":[91],"ones,":[92],"while":[93],"third-party":[94],"opt-out":[95],"services":[96],"reduce":[97],"amount":[99],"even":[102],"for":[103,169],"which":[105],"do":[106],"not":[107],"put":[108],"any":[109],"effort":[110],"respecting":[112],"new":[114],"law.":[115],"On":[116],"other":[118],"hand,":[119],"remains":[124],"ubiquitous.":[125],"particular,":[127],"found":[129],"cookies":[130],"can":[132],"identify":[133],"when":[135],"visiting":[136],"more":[137],"than":[138],"90%":[139],"our":[144],"dataset":[145],"-":[146],"also":[149],"encountered":[150],"large":[152],"number":[153],"present":[157],"deceiving":[158],"information,":[159],"making":[160],"it":[161,162],"very":[163],"difficult,":[164],"if":[165],"at":[166],"all":[167],"possible,":[168],"avoid":[172],"being":[173],"tracked.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2019-07-23T00:00:00"}