{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092117182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384756","title":"\u00c6GIS: Shielding Vulnerable Smart Contracts Against Attacks","display_name":"\u00c6GIS: Shielding Vulnerable Smart Contracts Against Attacks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092117182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384756","mag":"3092117182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3320269.3384756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384756","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/42957","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067908322","display_name":"Christof Ferreira Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6992-703X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christof Ferreira Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014829063","display_name":"Mathis Baden","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathis Baden","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089442356","display_name":"Robert Norvill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Norvill","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014713759","display_name":"Beltr\u00e1n Borja Fiz Pontiveros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7171-3253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beltran Borja Fiz Pontiveros","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090429213","display_name":"Hugo Jonker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7958-8921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7876267","display_name":"Open University of the Netherlands","ror":"https://ror.org/018dfmf50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7876267"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Jonker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Open University of the Netherlands &amp; Radboud University, Heerlen &amp; Nijmegen, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University of the Netherlands &amp; Radboud University, Heerlen &amp; Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I7876267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024602195","display_name":"Sjouke Mauw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-4433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sjouke Mauw","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4981,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98022826,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"584","last_page":"597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8120511174201965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7722415924072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7522786855697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6328677535057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.6196556091308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.6037748456001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5473324656486511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-analysis","display_name":"Security analysis","score":0.4443088173866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.43480390310287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4306100606918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4230073392391205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.2004031538963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10059407353401184}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8120511174201965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7722415924072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7522786855697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6328677535057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.6196556091308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.6037748456001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5473324656486511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.4443088173866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43480390310287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4306100606918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4230073392391205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2004031538963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10059407353401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3320269.3384756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384756","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/42957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/42957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security (ASIA CCS \u201920), October 5\u20139, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan (2020); 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, from 05-10-2020 to 09-10-2020","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_5794"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/225758","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2066/225758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sun, H.-M. (ed.), ASIA CCS '20: Proceedings of the 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Taipei, Taiwan, October, 2020, pp. 584-597","raw_type":"Article in monograph or in proceedings"},{"id":"pmh:ou:oai:research.ou.nl:publications/a03d5c2f-4e92-459e-a8ad-3e25c3be9604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.ou.nl/en/publications/a03d5c2f-4e92-459e-a8ad-3e25c3be9604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ASIA CCS '20: Proceedings of the 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 584 - 597","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"},{"id":"pmh:ru:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/225758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2066/225758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sun, H.-M. (ed.), ASIA CCS '20: Proceedings of the 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Taipei, Taiwan, October, 2020, 584 - 597. New York : ACM","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/42957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/42957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security (ASIA CCS \u201920), October 5\u20139, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan (2020); 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, from 05-10-2020 to 09-10-2020","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_5794"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2198168589","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13192291","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310700","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321390","display_name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","ror":"https://ror.org/03q83t159"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976900880","https://openalex.org/W1990297162","https://openalex.org/W2471380174","https://openalex.org/W2528561030","https://openalex.org/W2538848838","https://openalex.org/W2539190473","https://openalex.org/W2592077777","https://openalex.org/W2604844934","https://openalex.org/W2619470952","https://openalex.org/W2623962760","https://openalex.org/W2778144710","https://openalex.org/W2788841915","https://openalex.org/W2790202156","https://openalex.org/W2794779440","https://openalex.org/W2805052744","https://openalex.org/W2805827286","https://openalex.org/W2807264186","https://openalex.org/W2846896781","https://openalex.org/W2885034081","https://openalex.org/W2887415885","https://openalex.org/W2888787871","https://openalex.org/W2888928288","https://openalex.org/W2908007588","https://openalex.org/W2954151438","https://openalex.org/W2963465913","https://openalex.org/W2963610883","https://openalex.org/W2964257386","https://openalex.org/W2964631013","https://openalex.org/W2970809537","https://openalex.org/W2985495886","https://openalex.org/W3016155638","https://openalex.org/W3104720502","https://openalex.org/W3105187050","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W6727908826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297798448","https://openalex.org/W4388187043","https://openalex.org/W4396713893","https://openalex.org/W4285161539","https://openalex.org/W2982625131","https://openalex.org/W4396636834","https://openalex.org/W3092627261","https://openalex.org/W4396241386","https://openalex.org/W4399333949","https://openalex.org/W4285166115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,92,155],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"smart":[3,17,41,104,142,181],"contracts":[4,18,50,105],"have":[5,35,52,63],"suffered":[6],"major":[7],"exploits,":[8],"cost-":[9],"ing":[10],"millions":[11],"of":[12,72,90,113,140,149,169,187,225,233],"dollars.":[13],"Unlike":[14],"traditional":[15],"programs,":[16],"are":[19,82,127,174],"deployed":[20,55],"on":[21,56,219],"a":[22,98,130,159,180,216],"blockchain.":[23,58,194],"As":[24],"such,":[25],"they":[26],"cannot":[27],"be":[28,119],"modified":[29],"once":[30],"deployed.":[31],"Though":[32],"various":[33],"tools":[34,201],"been":[36,54,64],"proposed":[37,65],"to":[38,46,68,86,136,162,198],"detect":[39],"vulnerable":[40],"contracts,":[42],"the":[43,57,70,137,147,167,185,193,220,226,231,241],"majority":[44],"fails":[45],"protect":[47],"vulnera-":[48],"ble":[49],"that":[51,102,133,204],"already":[53],"Only":[59],"very":[60],"few":[61],"solutions":[62,76],"so":[66],"far":[67],"tackle":[69],"issue":[71],"post-deployment.":[73],"However,":[74],"these":[75],"suffer":[77],"from":[78,106],"low":[79],"precision":[80,209],"and":[81,152,164,177,189,202,236],"not":[83],"generic":[84],"enough":[85],"prevent":[87],"any":[88],"type":[89],"attack.":[91],"this":[93],"work,":[94],"we":[95,157,214],"introduce":[96],"\u00c6GIS,":[97],"dynamic":[99],"analysis":[100,218],"tool":[101],"protects":[103],"being":[107],"exploited":[108],"during":[109],"runtime.":[110],"Its":[111],"capability":[112],"detecting":[114,211],"new":[115],"vulnerabilities":[116],"can":[117],"easily":[118],"extended":[120],"through":[121],"so-called":[122],"attack":[123,171],"patterns.":[124,172],"These":[125],"patterns":[126],"written":[128],"in":[129,210,240],"domain-specific":[131],"language":[132,145],"is":[134],"tailored":[135],"execution":[138],"model":[139],"Ethereum":[141,227],"contracts.":[143],"The":[144],"enables":[146],"description":[148],"malicious":[150],"control":[151],"data":[153],"flows.":[154],"addition,":[156],"propose":[158],"novel":[160],"mechanism":[161],"streamline":[163],"speed":[165],"up":[166],"process":[168],"managing":[170],"Patterns":[173],"voted":[175],"upon":[176],"stored":[178],"via":[179],"contract,":[182],"thus":[183],"leveraging":[184],"benefits":[186],"tamper-resistance":[188],"transparency":[190],"provided":[191],"by":[192],"We":[195],"compare":[196],"\u00c6GIS":[197],"current":[199],"state-of-the-art":[200],"demonstrate":[203],"our":[205],"solution":[206],"achieves":[207],"higher":[208],"attacks.":[212],"Finally,":[213],"perform":[215],"large-scale":[217],"first":[221],"4.5":[222],"million":[223],"blocks":[224],"blockchain,":[228],"thereby":[229],"confirming":[230],"occurrences":[232],"well":[234],"reported":[235],"yet":[237],"unreported":[238],"attacks":[239],"wild.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2020-10-15T00:00:00"}
