{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092428881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384748","title":"Provable-Security Model for Strong Proximity-based Attacks: With Application to Contactless Payments","display_name":"Provable-Security Model for Strong Proximity-based Attacks: With Application to Contactless Payments","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092428881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384748","mag":"3092428881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3320269.3384748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036379679","display_name":"Ioana Boureanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5864-777X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioana Boureanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037735790","display_name":"Liqun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2680-4907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liqun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091230360","display_name":"Sam Ivey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Ivey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.345,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59054679,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"87","last_page":"100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7546936273574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.751052737236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7055633068084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment-card","display_name":"Payment card","score":0.691391110420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.574255108833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-card","display_name":"Credit card","score":0.5373574495315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.477277934551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.4691285789012909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4577341377735138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.35222333669662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09461188316345215}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7546936273574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.751052737236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7055633068084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21021354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207171","display_name":"Payment card","level":3,"score":0.691391110420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.574255108833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983355114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161380","display_name":"Credit card","level":3,"score":0.5373574495315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.477277934551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.4691285789012909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4577341377735138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.35222333669662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09461188316345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3320269.3384748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168909259","https://openalex.org/W1542255234","https://openalex.org/W1543653153","https://openalex.org/W1558754461","https://openalex.org/W2102511449","https://openalex.org/W2107130213","https://openalex.org/W2204535006","https://openalex.org/W2613836390","https://openalex.org/W2807286811","https://openalex.org/W2807910169","https://openalex.org/W2898763157","https://openalex.org/W2943600825","https://openalex.org/W2954121777","https://openalex.org/W3202491548","https://openalex.org/W4249992975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573618587","https://openalex.org/W3122614126","https://openalex.org/W2777684673","https://openalex.org/W2104098571","https://openalex.org/W2560850469","https://openalex.org/W2267763520","https://openalex.org/W2245344613","https://openalex.org/W2202519717","https://openalex.org/W2034011091","https://openalex.org/W1978096700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,169,264],"Mastercard's":[1,135],"contactless":[2,70,115,272],"payment":[3],"protocol":[4,304],"called":[5],"RRP":[6,136],"(Relay":[7],"Resistant":[8],"Protocol),":[9],"the":[10,14,18,23,48,73,78,98,112,117,150,159,164,167,175,180,187,198,255,270,275,302,306,316],"reader":[11,79,104],"is":[12,154,312],"measuring":[13],"round-trip":[15],"times":[16],"of":[17,56,67,100,114,158,163,166,179,182,190,201],"message-exchanges":[19],"between":[20],"itself":[21],"and":[22,47,128,137,216,237,244,279,293,324,331,341],"card,":[24],"to":[25,83,90,139,186,196,206,315],"see":[26],"if":[27,208],"they":[28,35],"do":[29,36],"not":[30],"take":[31,37],"too":[32],"long.":[33],"If":[34],"longer":[38],"than":[39],"expected,":[40],"a":[41,102,107,231,250],"relay":[42],"attack":[43],"would":[44,204],"be":[45,51],"suspected":[46],"transaction":[49],"should":[50],"dropped.":[52],"A":[53],"recent":[54],"paper":[55,96,118],"Financial":[57,307],"Crypto":[58,308],"2019":[59,309],"(FC19)":[60],"raises":[61],"some":[62],"questions":[63],"w.r.t.":[64,283],"this":[65,120,170,227,265,311],"type":[66],"relay-protection":[68],"in":[69,111,149,258,274,297,305,326,329,335],"payments.":[71,94],"Namely,":[72],"authors":[74],"point":[75],"out":[76,178],"that":[77,269,322,337],"has":[80],"no":[81,155],"incentive":[82],"protect":[84],"against":[85,142],"relaying,":[86,144],"as":[87,121],"it":[88,203],"stands":[89],"gain":[91],"from":[92],"illicit":[93],"The":[95],"defines":[97],"notion":[99,161],"such":[101],"rogue":[103],"colluding":[105],"with":[106,218],"MiM":[108],"attacker,":[109],"specifically":[110],"context":[113],"payments;":[116],"dubs":[119],"collusive":[122,143],"relaying.":[123,285],"Two":[124],"new":[125,232,239,271],"protocols,":[126],"PayBCR":[127,278,323],"PayCCR,":[129],"which":[130],"are":[131,145],"closely":[132,301],"based":[133],"on":[134],"aim":[138],"achieve":[140],"resistance":[141],"presented":[146],"therein.":[147],"Yet,":[148],"FC19":[151,176,276],"paper,":[152,171,277],"there":[153],"formal":[156,251],"treatment":[157],"collusive-relaying":[160],"or":[162,213,223],"security":[165,240,332],"protocols.":[168],"we":[172,194,229,267,287,320],"first":[173,256],"lift":[174],"notions":[177],"specifics":[181],"RRP-based":[183],"payments":[184,273],"-":[185],"generic":[188],"case":[189],"distance":[191],"bounding.":[192],"Thus,":[193],"set":[195],"answer":[197],"wider":[199],"question":[200],"what":[202],"mean":[205],"catch":[207],"RTT-measuring":[209],"parties":[210],"(readers,":[211],"cards,":[212],"others)":[214],"cheat":[215],"collude":[217],"proximity-based":[219],"attackers":[220],"(i.e.,":[221],"relayers":[222],"other":[224,290],"types).":[225],"To":[226],"end,":[228],"give":[230],"distance-bounding":[233],"primitive":[234,291],"(validated":[235,292],"distance-bounding)":[236],"two":[238],"notions:":[241],"strong":[242,245,284],"relaying":[243,340],"distance-fraud.":[246],"We":[247],"also":[248],"provide":[249],"model":[252],"that,":[253],"for":[254,261],"time":[257],"distance-bounding,":[259],"caters":[260],"dishonest":[262],"RTT-measurers.":[263],"model,":[266],"prove":[268],"PayCCR":[280,303,325],"attain":[281],"secuity":[282],"Finally,":[286],"define":[288],"one":[289],"audited":[294],"distance-bounding),":[295],"which,":[296],"fact,":[298],"emulates":[299],"more":[300],"paper;":[310],"because,":[313],"contrary":[314],"line":[317],"introducing":[318],"them,":[319],"note":[321],"fact":[327],"differ":[328],"construction":[330],"guarantees":[333],"especially":[334],"those":[336],"go":[338],"past":[339],"into":[342],"authentication.":[343]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
