{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3091959406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384725","title":"Post-Quantum TLS on Embedded Systems: Integrating and Evaluating Kyber and SPHINCS+ with mbed TLS","display_name":"Post-Quantum TLS on Embedded Systems: Integrating and Evaluating Kyber and SPHINCS+ with mbed TLS","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3091959406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384725","mag":"3091959406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3320269.3384725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384725","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042452298","display_name":"Kevin B\u00fcrstinghaus-Steinbach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800591879","display_name":"SEW Eurodrive (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/03g3xrr94","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800591879"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kevin B\u00fcrstinghaus-Steinbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["SEW-EURODRIVE, Bruchsal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SEW-EURODRIVE, Bruchsal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800591879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016833533","display_name":"Christoph Krau\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7776-7574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107257983","display_name":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/047wbd030","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Krau\u00df","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050032178","display_name":"Ruben Niederhagen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133470","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt2gs44","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133470","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruben Niederhagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer SIT, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer SIT, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085428799","display_name":"Michael Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4203-8926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154384","display_name":"Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053veeq82","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154384"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154384"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042452298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800591879"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9417,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94791138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"841","last_page":"852"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7656952142715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.52022784948349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5036365389823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.4961291253566742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.48655763268470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.47790274024009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-encapsulation","display_name":"Key encapsulation","score":0.46149763464927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4437263607978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porting","display_name":"Porting","score":0.44086652994155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4390036165714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Post-quantum cryptography","score":0.43543657660484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetric-key-algorithm","display_name":"Symmetric-key algorithm","score":0.3347342908382416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.3306896686553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.31320762634277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19520828127861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.19412854313850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17729642987251282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.13591280579566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1304609179496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11955350637435913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7656952142715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.52022784948349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5036365389823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4961291253566742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.48655763268470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.47790274024009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35181327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398156","display_name":"Key encapsulation","level":5,"score":0.46149763464927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4437263607978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106251023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851989","display_name":"Porting","level":3,"score":0.44086652994155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4390036165714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108277079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233576","display_name":"Post-quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.43543657660484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65302260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327675","display_name":"Symmetric-key algorithm","level":4,"score":0.3347342908382416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.3306896686553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.31320762634277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19520828127861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.19412854313850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17729642987251282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.13591280579566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1304609179496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11955350637435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3320269.3384725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384725","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-618315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-618315.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer SIT","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/409442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/409442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115629558","https://openalex.org/W1566345534","https://openalex.org/W1595771334","https://openalex.org/W1968782180","https://openalex.org/W2026025311","https://openalex.org/W2115638827","https://openalex.org/W2123316699","https://openalex.org/W2137147061","https://openalex.org/W2142048307","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2172273481","https://openalex.org/W2212436842","https://openalex.org/W2266218113","https://openalex.org/W2556981344","https://openalex.org/W2734990741","https://openalex.org/W2866028610","https://openalex.org/W2889207572","https://openalex.org/W2914925470","https://openalex.org/W2953568773","https://openalex.org/W2962697447","https://openalex.org/W3121146673","https://openalex.org/W4210531213","https://openalex.org/W4255436711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3009555975","https://openalex.org/W4321488702","https://openalex.org/W2229809156","https://openalex.org/W1966025096","https://openalex.org/W3116367236","https://openalex.org/W3094394851","https://openalex.org/W4385847340","https://openalex.org/W2487175166","https://openalex.org/W4381430186","https://openalex.org/W3216711056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,32],"present":[1],"our":[2,61,99],"integration":[3],"of":[4,10,36,60,98,120,148,157,168],"post-quantum":[5,12,21,38,108,121,130],"cryptography":[6,74],"(PQC),":[7],"more":[8],"specifically":[9],"the":[11,20,26,34,58,96,103,118,166],"KEM":[13],"scheme":[14,23],"Kyber":[15,134],"for":[16],"key":[17,77,131],"establishment":[18,78,132],"and":[19,50,79,110,113,116,160],"signature":[22,80,158],"SPHINCS+,":[24],"into":[25,86],"embedded":[27,43,91,111,124,140,169,179],"TLS":[28,69,87,122,138],"library":[29],"mbed":[30],"TLS.":[31],"measure":[33,115],"performance":[35,59,119],"these":[37],"primitives":[39],"on":[40,123,139],"four":[41],"different":[42,47],"platforms":[44],"with":[45,133,152],"three":[46],"ARM":[48],"processors":[49],"an":[51],"Xtensa":[52],"LX6":[53],"processor.":[54],"Furthermore,":[55],"we":[56,101],"compare":[57],"experimental":[62],"PQC":[63],"cipher":[64],"suite":[65],"to":[66,90,95,105,114,143,181],"a":[67],"classical":[68],"variant":[70],"using":[71],"elliptic":[72],"curve":[73],"(ECC).":[75],"Post-quantum":[76],"schemes":[81],"have":[82],"been":[83],"either":[84],"integrated":[85],"or":[88],"ported":[89],"devices":[92,141],"before.":[93],"However,":[94],"best":[97],"knowledge,":[100],"are":[102],"first":[104],"combine":[106],"TLS,":[107],"schemes,":[109],"systems":[112,170,180],"evaluate":[117],"platforms.":[125],"Our":[126],"results":[127],"show":[128],"that":[129],"performs":[135],"well":[136],"in":[137,155],"compared":[142],"ECC":[144],"variants.":[145],"The":[146],"use":[147,167],"SPHINCS+":[149],"signatures":[150],"comes":[151],"certain":[153],"challenges":[154],"terms":[156],"size":[159],"signing":[161],"time,":[162],"which":[163],"mainly":[164],"affects":[165],"as":[171,183],"PQC-TLS":[172,184],"server":[173],"but":[174],"does":[175],"not":[176],"necessarily":[177],"prevent":[178],"act":[182],"clients.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
