{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2957501692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319619.3326822","title":"Application of classification for figure copying test in Parkinson's disease diagnosis by using cartesian genetic programming","display_name":"Application of classification for figure copying test in Parkinson's disease diagnosis by using cartesian genetic programming","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2957501692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319619.3326822","mag":"2957501692"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3319619.3326822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319619.3326822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608771","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Application_of_classification_for_figure_copying_test_in_Parkinson_s_disease_diagnosis_by_using_cartesian_genetic_programming/23100665","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101603610","display_name":"Tian Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2527-4257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of York, York, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of York, York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045699068","display_name":"Jeremy Cosgrove","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295121038","display_name":"Leeds General Infirmary","ror":"https://ror.org/04hrjej96","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295121038","https://openalex.org/I2799390153"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Cosgrove","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295121038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059098486","display_name":"Jane Alty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5456-8676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295121038","display_name":"Leeds General Infirmary","ror":"https://ror.org/04hrjej96","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295121038","https://openalex.org/I2799390153"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Alty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295121038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108776250","display_name":"Stuart W. Jamieson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295121038","display_name":"Leeds General Infirmary","ror":"https://ror.org/04hrjej96","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295121038","https://openalex.org/I2799390153"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart Jamieson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295121038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105232398","display_name":"Stephen L. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-2643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of York, York, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of York, York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1855","last_page":"1863"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9587000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5672770142555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinsons-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.5579894781112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.502403974533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copying","display_name":"Copying","score":0.4783762991428375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.4495738744735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.43727314472198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3969433307647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1658436357975006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.14577865600585938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08899852633476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.0710093080997467}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5672770142555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.5579894781112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.502403974533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779151265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156791","display_name":"Copying","level":2,"score":0.4783762991428375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.4495738744735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.43727314472198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3969433307647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1658436357975006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.14577865600585938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08899852633476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0710093080997467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3319619.3326822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319619.3326822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608771","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.utas.edu.au:36667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.utas.edu.au/36667/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400075","display_name":"Open Access Repository (University of Tasmania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","host_organization_name":"University of Tasmania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Publication"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23100665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Application_of_classification_for_figure_copying_test_in_Parkinson_s_disease_diagnosis_by_using_cartesian_genetic_programming/23100665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402621","display_name":"INDIGO (University of Illinois at Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23100665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Application_of_classification_for_figure_copying_test_in_Parkinson_s_disease_diagnosis_by_using_cartesian_genetic_programming/23100665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402621","display_name":"INDIGO (University of Illinois at Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference contribution"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1010887924","https://openalex.org/W1565411512","https://openalex.org/W2023461130","https://openalex.org/W2035695037","https://openalex.org/W2101261726","https://openalex.org/W2125760979","https://openalex.org/W2145954079","https://openalex.org/W2165758561","https://openalex.org/W2767401113","https://openalex.org/W4234182971","https://openalex.org/W6638699964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308771405","https://openalex.org/W2355873265","https://openalex.org/W2963669501","https://openalex.org/W3080197661","https://openalex.org/W4318471783","https://openalex.org/W2760667490","https://openalex.org/W3134596587","https://openalex.org/W3216329096","https://openalex.org/W2416973532","https://openalex.org/W3116665257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"studies":[1],"have":[2],"proposed":[3],"an":[4,88,103],"objective":[5],"non-invasive":[6],"approach":[7,32],"to":[8,22,76,91,178,188],"assist":[9],"diagnosing":[10],"neurological":[11],"diseases":[12,18],"such":[13],"as":[14,120],"Alzheimer":[15],"and":[16,85,93,134,146,185,198],"Parkinson's":[17],"by":[19,43,132,140,149,195],"asking":[20],"patients":[21,67],"perform":[23],"certain":[24,28],"drawing":[25,36,96,171],"tasks":[26],"against":[27],"figure.":[29],"However,":[30],"the":[31,52,56,63,78,114,121,127,130,196],"of":[33,51,106,129,144,155],"rating":[34],"those":[35,82,95,191],"test":[37,172],"results":[38],"is":[39,60,102,158],"still":[40],"very":[41],"subjective":[42],"relying":[44],"on":[45],"manual":[46],"measurements.":[47],"By":[48],"extracting":[49],"features":[50,192],"drawn":[53],"figure":[54],"from":[55,62],"raw":[57],"data,":[58,84],"which":[59,174],"generated":[61],"digitized":[64],"tablet":[65],"that":[66,165],"can":[68,72,166,175,202],"draw":[69],"on,":[70],"we":[71],"use":[73],"supervised":[74],"learning":[75],"train":[77],"evolutionary":[79],"algorithm":[80,197],"with":[81,126],"extracted":[83],"therefore":[86],"evolves":[87,148],"automated":[89,163],"classifier":[90,164],"analyse":[92],"classify":[94,169],"accurately.":[97],"Cartesian":[98],"Genetic":[99,108],"Programming":[100,109],"(CGP)":[101],"improved":[104],"version":[105],"conventional":[107],"(GP).":[110],"As":[111],"GP":[112,131],"adapts":[113],"tree":[115,122],"structure,":[116],"redundancy":[117],"issue":[118,139],"exists":[119],"develops":[123],"more":[124],"nodes":[125,145],"evolution":[128],"mutation":[133,151],"crossover.":[135],"CGP":[136],"addresses":[137],"this":[138,156],"using":[141,150],"fixed":[142],"number":[143],"arities,":[147],"only.":[152],"The":[153],"outcome":[154],"research":[157],"a":[159],"highly":[160],"efficient,":[161],"accurate,":[162],"not":[167],"only":[168],"clinical":[170],"results,":[173],"provide":[176],"up":[177],"80%":[179],"accuracy,":[180],"but":[181],"also":[182],"assisting":[183],"clinicians":[184],"medical":[186],"experts":[187],"investigate":[189],"how":[190,199],"are":[193],"used":[194],"each":[200],"component":[201],"impact":[203],"patient's":[204],"cognitive":[205],"function.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}