{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2970044827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319535.3345656","title":"HideNoSeek","display_name":"HideNoSeek","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2970044827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319535.3345656","mag":"2970044827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3319535.3345656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319535.3345656","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037725779","display_name":"Aurore Fass","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-4447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128801","display_name":"Helmholtz Center for Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02njgxr09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aurore Fass","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbruecken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102730269","display_name":"Michael Backes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7130-9211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128801","display_name":"Helmholtz Center for Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02njgxr09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Backes","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbruecken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087823285","display_name":"Ben Stock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-0700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128801","display_name":"Helmholtz Center for Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02njgxr09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Stock","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbruecken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037725779"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128801"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.805,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96894562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1899","last_page":"1913"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.848726749420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.6905221939086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.6897061467170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/javascript","display_name":"JavaScript","score":0.6539599895477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5264005661010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5189478397369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.4413934051990509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3761942386627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3272751569747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2382413148880005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.848726749420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.6905221939086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.6897061467170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544833334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005","display_name":"JavaScript","level":2,"score":0.6539599895477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5264005661010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5189478397369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.4413934051990509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3761942386627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3272751569747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2382413148880005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3319535.3345656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319535.3345656","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58852127","https://openalex.org/W202191487","https://openalex.org/W1519699895","https://openalex.org/W1531203382","https://openalex.org/W1593203335","https://openalex.org/W1970867218","https://openalex.org/W1971497680","https://openalex.org/W1987644478","https://openalex.org/W1992114977","https://openalex.org/W2002083372","https://openalex.org/W2014466911","https://openalex.org/W2026054276","https://openalex.org/W2038296020","https://openalex.org/W2055931054","https://openalex.org/W2082190528","https://openalex.org/W2085155847","https://openalex.org/W2095450067","https://openalex.org/W2096491586","https://openalex.org/W2102475112","https://openalex.org/W2125908420","https://openalex.org/W2142194171","https://openalex.org/W2143681128","https://openalex.org/W2144344516","https://openalex.org/W2146211060","https://openalex.org/W2151298633","https://openalex.org/W2157532207","https://openalex.org/W2160289821","https://openalex.org/W2165004968","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2296452361","https://openalex.org/W2401293755","https://openalex.org/W2528185830","https://openalex.org/W2536013516","https://openalex.org/W2573650634","https://openalex.org/W2574797807","https://openalex.org/W2591793539","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2604507227","https://openalex.org/W2607219512","https://openalex.org/W2618043096","https://openalex.org/W2732351623","https://openalex.org/W2749572357","https://openalex.org/W2800651024","https://openalex.org/W2810891916","https://openalex.org/W2890228473","https://openalex.org/W2897385569","https://openalex.org/W2913256667","https://openalex.org/W2950468330","https://openalex.org/W2962777143","https://openalex.org/W2963165448","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963564844","https://openalex.org/W2963739340","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W3104158743"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2461078469","https://openalex.org/W2753240997","https://openalex.org/W4387456547","https://openalex.org/W1975357770","https://openalex.org/W923172598","https://openalex.org/W4247806713","https://openalex.org/W2018506383","https://openalex.org/W4378700020","https://openalex.org/W2208447305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,35,120,165],"the":[1,37,64,78,90,107,132,152,157,160,198,231],"malware":[2],"field,":[3],"learning-based":[4],"systems":[5],"have":[6],"become":[7],"popular":[8],"to":[9,28,49,83,96,172],"detect":[10],"new":[11],"malicious":[12,93,113,124,145,161,170,175,195],"variants.":[13],"Nevertheless,":[14],"attackers":[15,41],"with":[16,197,215],"specific":[17],"and":[18,58,126,134,150],"internal":[19],"knowledge":[20],"of":[21,39,67,88,92,112,181],"a":[22,56,98,207,219],"target":[23],"system":[24,79],"may":[25],"be":[26],"able":[27],"produce":[29,190],"input":[30],"samples":[31,95,196,224],"which":[32,62,177],"are":[33],"misclassified.":[34],"practice,":[36,166],"assumption":[38],"strong":[40],"is":[42,81,163],"not":[43],"realistic":[44],"as":[45,201],"it":[46,80,139],"implies":[47],"access":[48],"insider":[50],"information.":[51],"We":[52],"instead":[53],"propose":[54],"HideNoSeek,":[55],"novel":[57],"generic":[59],"camouflage":[60],"attack,":[61],"evades":[63],"entire":[65],"class":[66],"detectors":[68,234],"based":[69],"on":[70,191,222],"syntactic":[71,148],"features,":[72],"without":[73],"needing":[74],"any":[75],"information":[76],"about":[77],"trying":[82],"evade.":[84],"Our":[85],"attack":[86],"consists":[87],"changing":[89,156],"constructs":[91],"JavaScript":[94,114],"reproduce":[97,179],"benign":[99,118,136,141,153],"syntax.":[100],"For":[101],"this":[102],"purpose,":[103],"we":[104,167,188],"automatically":[105],"rewrite":[106],"Abstract":[108],"Syntax":[109],"Trees":[110],"(ASTs)":[111],"inputs":[115],"into":[116],"existing":[117],"ones.":[119],"particular,":[121],"HideNoSeek":[122,216],"uses":[123],"seeds":[125,133,171],"searches":[127],"for":[128],"isomorphic":[129],"subgraphs":[130],"between":[131],"traditional":[135],"scripts.":[137],"Specifically,":[138],"replaces":[140],"sub-ASTs":[142],"by":[143],"their":[144],"equivalents":[146],"(same":[147],"structure)":[149],"adjusts":[151],"data":[154],"dependencies--without":[155],"AST--so":[158],"that":[159],"semantics":[162],"kept.":[164],"leveraged":[168],"23":[169],"generate":[173],"91,020":[174],"scripts,":[176],"perfectly":[178],"ASTs":[180],"Alexa":[182,203],"top":[183,204],"10,000":[184],"web":[185],"pages.":[186],"Also,":[187],"can":[189],"average":[192],"14":[193],"different":[194],"same":[199],"AST":[200],"each":[202],"10.":[205],"Overall,":[206],"standard":[208],"trained":[209,221],"classifier":[210,220],"has":[211,225],"99.98%":[212],"false":[213,228],"negatives":[214],"inputs,":[217],"while":[218],"such":[223],"over":[226],"88.74%":[227],"positives,":[229],"rendering":[230],"targeted":[232],"static":[233],"unreliable.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2019-09-05T00:00:00"}