{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2984644945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319535.3339819","title":"QUOTIENT","display_name":"QUOTIENT","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2984644945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319535.3339819","mag":"2984644945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3319535.3339819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319535.3339819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061858713","display_name":"Nitin Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9337-4479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitin Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065455506","display_name":"Ali Shahin Shamsabadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2649-8700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Shahin Shamsabadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108523545","display_name":"Matt J. Kusner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt J. Kusner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford &amp; The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford &amp; The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015542293","display_name":"Adri\u00e0 Gasc\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1807-8311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adri\u00e0 Gasc\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Warwick &amp; The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warwick &amp; The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584","https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":196,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1231","last_page":"1247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8411648273468018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7286775708198547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quotient","display_name":"Quotient","score":0.5851747393608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5517135858535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5358676910400391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5194786787033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5134135484695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.49803638458251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48768508434295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4613390862941742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3965557813644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34354841709136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.23021981120109558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11377277970314026}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8411648273468018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7286775708198547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199422724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41118","display_name":"Quotient","level":2,"score":0.5851747393608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5517135858535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5358676910400391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5194786787033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5134135484695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.49803638458251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48768508434295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4613390862941742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3965557813644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34354841709136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.23021981120109558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11377277970314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3319535.3339819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319535.3339819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8597009950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173953576","https://openalex.org/W1485800369","https://openalex.org/W1608459536","https://openalex.org/W1826277484","https://openalex.org/W1841592590","https://openalex.org/W1888768993","https://openalex.org/W1969009977","https://openalex.org/W1971991172","https://openalex.org/W2010756295","https://openalex.org/W2013623332","https://openalex.org/W2019891719","https://openalex.org/W2027471022","https://openalex.org/W2062177968","https://openalex.org/W2088492763","https://openalex.org/W2106217851","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2128420091","https://openalex.org/W2146502635","https://openalex.org/W2167094273","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2266701264","https://openalex.org/W2267635276","https://openalex.org/W2284050935","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2435473771","https://openalex.org/W2617766261","https://openalex.org/W2623451521","https://openalex.org/W2701059868","https://openalex.org/W2766831133","https://openalex.org/W2769644379","https://openalex.org/W2785523195","https://openalex.org/W2786602455","https://openalex.org/W2794825826","https://openalex.org/W2794888826","https://openalex.org/W2801491268","https://openalex.org/W2895865029","https://openalex.org/W2898186212","https://openalex.org/W2907494684","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2949534539","https://openalex.org/W2951568391","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2962786581","https://openalex.org/W2962877476","https://openalex.org/W2963122961","https://openalex.org/W2963752132","https://openalex.org/W2964164125","https://openalex.org/W2990399857","https://openalex.org/W2998508934","https://openalex.org/W3102785203","https://openalex.org/W3132964805","https://openalex.org/W4239982965","https://openalex.org/W4297196174"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953716828","https://openalex.org/W2904857019","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W3011538607","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W4287755480","https://openalex.org/W4324316636","https://openalex.org/W2898211994","https://openalex.org/W3017872546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"there":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"a":[4,41,96,108,118],"wealth":[5],"of":[6,12,20,91,114,129,160],"effort":[7],"devoted":[8],"to":[9,153],"the":[10,89,144],"design":[11],"secure":[13,26,58,82,98,120],"protocols":[14,67],"for":[15,68,111,123],"machine":[16],"learning":[17],"tasks.":[18],"Much":[19],"this":[21,85],"is":[22,44],"aimed":[23],"at":[24],"enabling":[25],"prediction":[27],"from":[28],"highly-accurate":[29],"Deep":[30],"Neural":[31],"Networks":[32],"(DNNs).":[33],"However,":[34],"as":[35,134],"DNNs":[36],"are":[37],"trained":[38,51],"on":[39,57,64,73,102],"data,":[40],"key":[42,127],"question":[43],"how":[45],"such":[46,133],"models":[47],"can":[48],"be":[49],"also":[50],"securely.":[52],"The":[53],"few":[54],"prior":[55,154],"works":[56],"DNN":[59,131,147],"training":[60,70,76,93,113,132,148],"have":[61],"focused":[62],"either":[63],"designing":[65,92],"custom":[66],"existing":[69],"algorithms,":[71],"or":[72],"developing":[74],"tailored":[75],"algorithms":[77,94],"and":[78,137,141,165],"then":[79],"applying":[80],"generic":[81],"protocols.":[83],"In":[84],"work,":[86,155],"we":[87,156],"investigate":[88],"advantages":[90],"alongside":[95],"novel":[97],"protocol,":[99],"incorporating":[100],"optimizations":[101],"both":[103],"fronts.":[104],"We":[105],"present":[106],"QUOTIENT,":[107],"new":[109],"method":[110],"discretized":[112],"DNNs,":[115],"along":[116],"with":[117],"customized":[119],"two-party":[121,150],"protocol":[122],"it.":[124],"QUOTIENT":[125],"incorporates":[126],"components":[128],"state-of-the-art":[130,145],"layer":[135],"normalization":[136],"adaptive":[138],"gradient":[139],"methods,":[140],"improves":[142],"upon":[143],"in":[146,149,162,167],"computation.":[151],"Compared":[152],"obtain":[157],"an":[158],"improvement":[159],"50X":[161],"WAN":[163],"time":[164],"6%":[166],"absolute":[168],"accuracy.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00"}
