{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2939009161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319532","title":"A Local Mean Representation-based <i>K</i> -Nearest Neighbor Classifier","display_name":"A Local Mean Representation-based <i>K</i> -Nearest Neighbor Classifier","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2939009161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319532","mag":"2939009161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3319532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jianping Gou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8438-7286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Gou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Security Technology for Industrial Cyberspace, Zhenjiang, PR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8438-7286","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Security Technology for Industrial Cyberspace, Zhenjiang, PR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001010712","display_name":"Wenmo Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenmo Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Security Technology for Industrial Cyberspace, Zhenjiang, PR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Security Technology for Industrial Cyberspace, Zhenjiang, PR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100388188","display_name":"Yi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5867-9322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359961","display_name":"Yong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-2123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Guangdong, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Guangdong, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068470372","display_name":"Qirong Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-4431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qirong Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046419939","display_name":"Yongzhao Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7475-2895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongzhao Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9627,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96254511,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.7837027311325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.7780932188034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7375297546386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7102973461151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6008655428886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5253029465675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nearest-neighbor-search","display_name":"Nearest neighbor search","score":0.5168667435646057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-margin-nearest-neighbor","display_name":"Large margin nearest neighbor","score":0.4744483232498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.45933428406715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.41005754470825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32482537627220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.20734870433807373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.7837027311325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.7780932188034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7375297546386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7102973461151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6008655428886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5253029465675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116738811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608751","display_name":"Nearest neighbor search","level":2,"score":0.5168667435646057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94475309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6489154","display_name":"Large margin nearest neighbor","level":3,"score":0.4744483232498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.45933428406715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.41005754470825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32482537627220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.20734870433807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3319532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1232821270","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1836220, 61502208, 61672267, and 61672268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1122942834","https://openalex.org/W1480487340","https://openalex.org/W1964541653","https://openalex.org/W1973857262","https://openalex.org/W1977224675","https://openalex.org/W1984095169","https://openalex.org/W1993497945","https://openalex.org/W2013700459","https://openalex.org/W2016286809","https://openalex.org/W2017597960","https://openalex.org/W2056935845","https://openalex.org/W2062957446","https://openalex.org/W2077594618","https://openalex.org/W2081475785","https://openalex.org/W2086769741","https://openalex.org/W2090449701","https://openalex.org/W2095306443","https://openalex.org/W2096166399","https://openalex.org/W2103705607","https://openalex.org/W2106053110","https://openalex.org/W2112810953","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2129578806","https://openalex.org/W2130695501","https://openalex.org/W2135346934","https://openalex.org/W2142827986","https://openalex.org/W2149894778","https://openalex.org/W2150708814","https://openalex.org/W2151973236","https://openalex.org/W2169284845","https://openalex.org/W2172374880","https://openalex.org/W2176705192","https://openalex.org/W2182722412","https://openalex.org/W2214870018","https://openalex.org/W2216928620","https://openalex.org/W2344022952","https://openalex.org/W2358843920","https://openalex.org/W2467346220","https://openalex.org/W2499112530","https://openalex.org/W2522684508","https://openalex.org/W2526878315","https://openalex.org/W2574388714","https://openalex.org/W2606436201","https://openalex.org/W2749562774","https://openalex.org/W2779447882","https://openalex.org/W2804029648","https://openalex.org/W2806691756","https://openalex.org/W2832876791","https://openalex.org/W2886793380","https://openalex.org/W2997546679","https://openalex.org/W3003295287","https://openalex.org/W3046555099","https://openalex.org/W3120740533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4246757943","https://openalex.org/W2351157934","https://openalex.org/W2381195555","https://openalex.org/W2795392346","https://openalex.org/W2085998272","https://openalex.org/W4392703794","https://openalex.org/W2969538544","https://openalex.org/W2787484455","https://openalex.org/W2108882154","https://openalex.org/W2148008870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"K":[0],"-nearest":[1,90,100],"neighbor":[2,91],"classification":[3,51,72],"method":[4],"(KNN),":[5],"as":[6],"one":[7],"of":[8,34,102,129,158],"the":[9,31,35,40,45,49,59,71,76,80,95,97,111,120,126,130,137,142,146,156,159,182,191,195],"top":[10],"10":[11],"algorithms":[12],"in":[13,58,79],"data":[14],"mining,":[15],"is":[16,123],"a":[17,85,103],"very":[18],"simple":[19,41],"and":[20,44,74,118,145,167,170,203],"yet":[21],"effective":[22],"nonparametric":[23],"technique":[24],"for":[25],"pattern":[26],"recognition.":[27],"However,":[28],"due":[29],"to":[30,68,109,154,181],"selective":[32],"sensitiveness":[33],"neighborhood":[36],"size":[37,63],"k":[38,89,99,114,132,148],",":[39],"majority":[42],"vote,":[43],"conventional":[46],"metric":[47],"measure,":[48],"KNN-based":[50,81,184,198],"performance":[52,73],"can":[53],"be":[54],"easily":[55],"degraded,":[56],"especially":[57],"small":[60],"training":[61],"sample":[62,105,122,144],"cases.":[64],"In":[65,94],"this":[66],"article,":[67],"further":[69],"improve":[70],"overcome":[75],"main":[77],"issues":[78],"classification,":[82],"we":[83],"propose":[84],"local":[86],"mean":[87,116,134,150],"representation-based":[88,139],"classifier":[92],"(LMRKNN).":[93],"LMRKNN,":[96],"categorical":[98,113,131,147],"neighbors":[101],"query":[104,121,143,160],"are":[106,152,175],"first":[107],"chosen":[108],"calculate":[110],"corresponding":[112],"-local":[115,133,149],"vectors,":[117],"then":[119],"represented":[124],"by":[125,178],"linear":[127],"combination":[128],"vectors;":[135],"finally,":[136],"class-specific":[138],"distances":[140],"between":[141],"vectors":[151],"adopted":[153],"determine":[155],"class":[157],"sample.":[161],"Extensive":[162],"experiments":[163],"on":[164],"many":[165],"UCI":[166],"KEEL":[168],"datasets":[169],"three":[171],"popular":[172],"face":[173],"databases":[174],"carried":[176],"out":[177],"comparing":[179],"LMRKNN":[180,193],"state-of-art":[183],"methods.":[185],"The":[186],"experimental":[187],"results":[188],"demonstrate":[189],"that":[190],"proposed":[192],"outperforms":[194],"related":[196],"competitive":[197],"methods":[199],"with":[200],"more":[201],"robustness":[202],"effectiveness.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}