{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288083537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374832","title":"When Humans Aren't Optimal","display_name":"When Humans Aren't Optimal","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288083537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3319502.3374832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374832","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043538173","display_name":"Minae Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3116-330X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minae Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031426401","display_name":"Erdem B\u0131y\u0131k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9516-3130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erdem Biyik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011520854","display_name":"Aditi Talati","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditi Talati","raw_affiliation_strings":["American High School, Fremont, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American High School, Fremont, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020886236","display_name":"Karan Bhasin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karan Bhasin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Harker School, San Jose, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Harker School, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063608480","display_name":"Dylan P. Losey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8787-5293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dylan P. Losey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080725225","display_name":"Dorsa Sadigh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-9183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorsa Sadigh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043538173"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.71934036,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96298835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"43","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7608534097671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7569335699081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safer","display_name":"SAFER","score":0.6932947039604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certainty","display_name":"Certainty","score":0.6904531121253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6588758826255798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.4597148895263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-behavior","display_name":"Human behavior","score":0.4585196375846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4032992422580719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38166308403015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.36389148235321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1325012743473053}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7608534097671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7569335699081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.6932947039604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7493553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520777","display_name":"Certainty","level":2,"score":0.6904531121253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6588758826255798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.4597148895263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117035363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3769299","display_name":"Human behavior","level":2,"score":0.4585196375846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4032992422580719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38166308403015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.36389148235321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1325012743473053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3319502.3374832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374832","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33891176","https://openalex.org/W174941419","https://openalex.org/W266133316","https://openalex.org/W1487498195","https://openalex.org/W1591675293","https://openalex.org/W1605929701","https://openalex.org/W1607416738","https://openalex.org/W1971428142","https://openalex.org/W1992154343","https://openalex.org/W1999874108","https://openalex.org/W2001534748","https://openalex.org/W2017304613","https://openalex.org/W2019976545","https://openalex.org/W2030032449","https://openalex.org/W2041946752","https://openalex.org/W2052906535","https://openalex.org/W2086364584","https://openalex.org/W2089480000","https://openalex.org/W2095274657","https://openalex.org/W2098774185","https://openalex.org/W2101821104","https://openalex.org/W2108207895","https://openalex.org/W2112320238","https://openalex.org/W2128221441","https://openalex.org/W2141538250","https://openalex.org/W2149367297","https://openalex.org/W2151516755","https://openalex.org/W2205847592","https://openalex.org/W2290104316","https://openalex.org/W2295918809","https://openalex.org/W2411577903","https://openalex.org/W2527782253","https://openalex.org/W2562485623","https://openalex.org/W2563625363","https://openalex.org/W2565370028","https://openalex.org/W2588978360","https://openalex.org/W2735318784","https://openalex.org/W2904604952","https://openalex.org/W2913729581","https://openalex.org/W2925362180","https://openalex.org/W2950025133","https://openalex.org/W2958103076","https://openalex.org/W2964153058","https://openalex.org/W2964177756","https://openalex.org/W3004361447","https://openalex.org/W3090359064","https://openalex.org/W3101338847","https://openalex.org/W4231966580","https://openalex.org/W4232512588","https://openalex.org/W4236699391","https://openalex.org/W4248056173","https://openalex.org/W4288093757","https://openalex.org/W4293093109"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953205341","https://openalex.org/W235065745","https://openalex.org/W2029935773","https://openalex.org/W2787754950","https://openalex.org/W1572215850","https://openalex.org/W1985775355","https://openalex.org/W2352115286","https://openalex.org/W2084793300","https://openalex.org/W2476350415","https://openalex.org/W2961415091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,132,160],"order":[1],"to":[2,9,86,119,127,152],"collaborate":[3],"safely":[4],"and":[5,29,41,88,149,188,206],"efficiently,":[6],"robots":[7,20,36,151,203],"need":[8],"anticipate":[10,205],"how":[11],"their":[12],"human":[13,39,48,60,140,176,198,210],"partners":[14],"will":[15],"behave.":[16],"Some":[17],"of":[18,53,114],"today's":[19],"model":[21,141,155,171],"humans":[22,93],"as":[23],"if":[24],"they":[25],"were":[26],"also":[27],"robots,":[28],"assume":[30],"users":[31],"are":[32,77],"always":[33],"optimal.":[34],"Other":[35],"account":[37],"for":[38],"limitations,":[40],"relax":[42],"this":[43,133,154,181],"assumption":[44],"so":[45,200],"that":[46,168,180,201],"the":[47,59,115,121,169],"is":[49],"noisily":[50],"rational.":[51],"Both":[52],"these":[54,91],"models":[55,199],"make":[56,83,120],"sense":[57],"when":[58,103],"receives":[61],"deterministic":[62],"rewards:":[63],"i.e.,":[64],"gaining":[65,106],"either":[66],"$100":[67,107],"or":[68,110],"$130":[69,111],"with":[70,108],"certainty.":[71],"But":[72],"in":[73,90,186],"real-world":[74],"scenarios,":[75],"rewards":[76],"rarely":[78],"deterministic.":[79],"Instead,":[80],"we":[81,135,164,194],"must":[82],"choices":[84],"subject":[85],"risk":[87],"uncertainty-and":[89],"settings,":[92],"exhibit":[94],"a":[95,128,137],"cognitive":[96],"bias":[97],"towards":[98],"suboptimal":[99,175,209],"behavior.":[100,177],"For":[101],"example,":[102],"deciding":[104],"between":[105],"certainty":[109],"only":[112],"80%":[113],"time,":[116],"people":[117],"tend":[118],"risk-averse":[122],"choice-even":[123],"though":[124],"it":[125],"leads":[126],"lower":[129],"expected":[130],"gain!":[131],"paper,":[134],"adopt":[136],"well-known":[138],"Risk-Aware":[139,170],"from":[142],"behavioral":[143],"economics":[144],"called":[145],"Cumulative":[146],"Prospect":[147],"Theory":[148],"enable":[150],"leverage":[153],"during":[156,212],"human-robot":[157,191],"interaction":[158],"(HRI).":[159],"our":[161],"user":[162],"studies,":[163],"offer":[165],"supporting":[166],"evidence":[167],"more":[172,189],"accurately":[173],"predicts":[174],"We":[178],"find":[179],"increased":[182],"modeling":[183],"accuracy":[184],"results":[185],"safer":[187],"efficient":[190],"collaboration.":[192],"Overall,":[193],"extend":[195],"existing":[196],"rational":[197],"collaborative":[202],"can":[204],"plan":[207],"around":[208],"behavior":[211],"HRI.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-07-28T00:00:00"}