{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2945746615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3318299.3318344","title":"Facial Expression Recognition Algorithm Based on the Combination of CNN and K-Means","display_name":"Facial Expression Recognition Algorithm Based on the Combination of CNN and K-Means","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2945746615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3318299.3318344","mag":"2945746615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3318299.3318344","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3318299.3318344","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 11th International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059255255","display_name":"T. Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6765-6165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22716506","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03panb555","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tongtong Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lanzhou University of Technology, Gansu Lanzhou, P.R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lanzhou University of Technology, Gansu Lanzhou, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351409","display_name":"Ming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2725-353X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22716506","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03panb555","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lanzhou University of Technology, Gansu Lanzhou, P.R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lanzhou University of Technology, Gansu Lanzhou, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059255255"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8098,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76634081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"400","last_page":"404"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13579","display_name":"Image and Video Stabilization","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6718743443489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","score":0.5775863528251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5356587767601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5224682092666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.4620264172554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46082034707069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4518128037452698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4284447431564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.41741666197776794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6718743443489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987714656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","level":4,"score":0.5775863528251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5356587767601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5224682092666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4620264172554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46082034707069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4518128037452698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4284447431564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.41741666197776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3318299.3318344","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3318299.3318344","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 11th International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/285761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/285761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923049","display_name":"Lanzhou University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Proceedings Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/294460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/294460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923049","display_name":"Lanzhou University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Proceedings Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W576676431","https://openalex.org/W1573760330","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1934410531","https://openalex.org/W2040482041","https://openalex.org/W2079382814","https://openalex.org/W2118858186","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2246249023","https://openalex.org/W2461624017","https://openalex.org/W2473373050","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4230044388"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2642127892","https://openalex.org/W2355913164","https://openalex.org/W4205986151","https://openalex.org/W1153638794","https://openalex.org/W2168968280","https://openalex.org/W2116055069","https://openalex.org/W4323520705","https://openalex.org/W2356663679","https://openalex.org/W2169777806","https://openalex.org/W3027190010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aiming":[0],"at":[1],"the":[2,18,47,54,57,63,69,81,85,89,97,102,106,112,121,125,129,133,140],"problems":[3],"of":[4,12,20,49,84,88,101,128,135,142],"low":[5],"recognition":[6,15,27,138],"rate":[7],"and":[8,43,67,145],"slow":[9],"training":[10,126],"speed":[11],"facial":[13,25,136],"expression":[14,26,65,137],"method":[16,123],"in":[17,46],"background":[19,141],"complex":[21,143],"images,":[22,66,144],"an":[23],"improved":[24],"algorithm":[28,38,55],"based":[29],"on":[30],"convolutional":[31,50,103],"neural":[32,51,104],"networks":[33],"is":[34],"proposed.":[35],"The":[36,116],"proposed":[37,122],"introduces":[39],"K-Means":[40,58],"clustering":[41,59,71],"idea":[42],"SVM":[44,114],"classifier":[45],"framework":[48],"network.":[52],"Firstly,":[53],"trains":[56],"model":[60,91,130],"by":[61],"using":[62,96],"label-free":[64],"selects":[68],"K-means":[70],"centers":[72],"with":[73],"good":[74],"data":[75],"characteristics,":[76],"which":[77],"are":[78,109],"used":[79],"as":[80],"initial":[82],"value":[83],"convolution":[86],"kernel":[87],"CNN":[90],"to":[92,111],"extract":[93],"features.":[94],"Secondly,":[95],"feature":[98],"extraction":[99],"processing":[100],"network,":[105],"extracted":[107],"features":[108],"fed":[110],"multi-class":[113],"classifier.":[115],"experimental":[117],"results":[118],"show":[119],"that":[120],"reduces":[124],"time":[127],"overall,":[131],"improves":[132],"accuracies":[134],"under":[139],"has":[146],"a":[147],"certain":[148],"robustness.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}