{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2987819182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3318216.3363307","title":"I-SAFE","display_name":"I-SAFE","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2987819182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3318216.3363307","mag":"2987819182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3318216.3363307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3318216.3363307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Edge Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027086599","display_name":"Seyed Yahya Nikouei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-872X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyed Yahya Nikouei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Binghamton University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Binghamton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402109","display_name":"Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-0586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Binghamton University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Binghamton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088781157","display_name":"Alexander Aved","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-7359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Aved","raw_affiliation_strings":["The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023894377","display_name":"Erik Blasch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-6108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Blasch","raw_affiliation_strings":["The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078326978","display_name":"Timothy R. Faughnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331163269","display_name":"New York City Police Department","ror":"https://ror.org/03nkqys97","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331163269"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy R. Faughnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York State University Police"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York State University Police","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331163269"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"101","last_page":"112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.829108476638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5674296617507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5484299659729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5322615504264832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4874267876148224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.47737643122673035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"Law enforcement","score":0.4700644910335541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4662083089351654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.423128604888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3525650203227997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35109245777130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.1709803342819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.16394048929214478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.829108476638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5674296617507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5484299659729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5322615504264832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4874267876148224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.47737643122673035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.4700644910335541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4662083089351654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.423128604888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3525650203227997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35109245777130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.1709803342819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.16394048929214478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3318216.3363307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3318216.3363307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Edge Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W942118676","https://openalex.org/W985826516","https://openalex.org/W1040844783","https://openalex.org/W1517719864","https://openalex.org/W1585005850","https://openalex.org/W1896237498","https://openalex.org/W1994623790","https://openalex.org/W2021659075","https://openalex.org/W2025969158","https://openalex.org/W2062706881","https://openalex.org/W2063149969","https://openalex.org/W2070695005","https://openalex.org/W2090702599","https://openalex.org/W2119357005","https://openalex.org/W2122361470","https://openalex.org/W2136588878","https://openalex.org/W2138092272","https://openalex.org/W2156539399","https://openalex.org/W2164261375","https://openalex.org/W2170032093","https://openalex.org/W2321785408","https://openalex.org/W2334573335","https://openalex.org/W2343952097","https://openalex.org/W2464754550","https://openalex.org/W2473903456","https://openalex.org/W2530166077","https://openalex.org/W2540396284","https://openalex.org/W2600015858","https://openalex.org/W2602608313","https://openalex.org/W2607510315","https://openalex.org/W2739846485","https://openalex.org/W2766141522","https://openalex.org/W2769751329","https://openalex.org/W2777342313","https://openalex.org/W2777556841","https://openalex.org/W2782259231","https://openalex.org/W2783882151","https://openalex.org/W2784041417","https://openalex.org/W2884910772","https://openalex.org/W2885173385","https://openalex.org/W2928440829","https://openalex.org/W2950846287","https://openalex.org/W2962791923","https://openalex.org/W2963495051","https://openalex.org/W2963510045","https://openalex.org/W2963610939","https://openalex.org/W2963705844","https://openalex.org/W2963795951","https://openalex.org/W2964084369","https://openalex.org/W2998030090","https://openalex.org/W3103272053","https://openalex.org/W6626938971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3189674571","https://openalex.org/W4238142035","https://openalex.org/W4376106090","https://openalex.org/W1969663039","https://openalex.org/W2947931875","https://openalex.org/W4293114842","https://openalex.org/W4214690814","https://openalex.org/W2810084952","https://openalex.org/W1990379658","https://openalex.org/W1992823442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0],"imagery":[1,17],"usually":[2],"serves":[3],"as":[4,200],"forensic":[5,85],"analysis":[6],"and":[7,148,204,208],"by":[8,72,88,126,219],"design":[9],"is":[10,20,42,107,178],"available":[11],"for":[12],"incident":[13],"mitigation.":[14],"As":[15],"more":[16,66],"collected,":[18],"it":[19],"harder":[21],"to":[22,25,33,69,109,150,231],"narrow":[23],"down":[24],"certain":[26],"frames":[27],"among":[28],"thousands":[29],"of":[30,60,114,155,227,247],"video":[31,123],"clips":[32],"a":[34,84,115,127],"specific":[35],"incident.":[36],"A":[37,103],"real-time,":[38],"proactive":[39],"surveillance":[40,86,212],"system":[41,106],"desirable,":[43],"which":[44],"could":[45],"instantly":[46],"detect":[47],"dubious":[48],"personnel,":[49],"identify":[50],"suspicious":[51,222],"activities,":[52],"or":[53],"raise":[54],"momentous":[55],"alerts.":[56],"The":[57],"recent":[58],"proliferation":[59],"the":[61,96,111,136,139,153,160,167,171,182,185,192,196,214,221,241,245,248],"edge":[62,74,168],"computing":[63],"paradigm":[64],"allows":[65],"data-intensive":[67],"tasks":[68],"be":[70],"accomplished":[71],"smart":[73],"devices":[75],"with":[76,152],"lightweight":[77,128],"but":[78],"powerful":[79],"algorithms.":[80],"This":[81],"paper":[82],"presents":[83],"strategy":[87],"introducing":[89],"an":[90,201,225],"Instant":[91],"Suspicious":[92],"Activity":[93],"identiFication":[94],"at":[95,195],"Edge":[97],"(I-SAFE)":[98],"using":[99,206],"fuzzy":[100,104],"decision":[101],"making.":[102],"control":[105],"proposed":[108],"mimic":[110],"decision-making":[112,162],"process":[113],"security":[116],"officer.":[117],"Decisions":[118],"are":[119,146],"made":[120],"based":[121],"on":[122,135],"features":[124,145,165],"extracted":[125],"Deep":[129],"Machine":[130],"Learning":[131],"(DML)":[132],"model.":[133],"Based":[134],"requirements":[137],"from":[138],"first-line":[140],"law":[141],"enforcement":[142],"officers,":[143],"several":[144],"selected":[147],"fuzzified":[149],"cope":[151],"state":[154],"uncertainty":[156],"that":[157,175],"exists":[158],"in":[159,166,224],"officers'":[161],"process.":[163],"Using":[164],"hierarchy":[169],"minimizes":[170],"communication":[172],"delay":[173],"such":[174],"instant":[176],"alerting":[177],"achieved.":[179],"Additionally,":[180],"leveraging":[181],"Microservices":[183],"architecture,":[184],"I-SAFE":[186,215,249],"scheme":[187,216],"possesses":[188],"good":[189],"scalability":[190],"given":[191],"increasing":[193],"complexities":[194],"network":[197],"edge.":[198],"Implemented":[199],"edge-based":[202],"application":[203],"tested":[205],"exemplary":[207],"various":[209],"labeled":[210],"dataset":[211],"videos,":[213],"raises":[217],"alerts":[218],"identifying":[220],"activity":[223],"average":[226],"0.002":[228],"seconds.":[229],"Compared":[230],"four":[232],"other":[233,238],"state-of-the-art":[234],"methods":[235],"over":[236],"two":[237],"data":[239],"sets,":[240],"experimental":[242],"study":[243],"verified":[244],"superiority":[246],"decentralized":[250],"method.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00"}