{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2945221971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3316781.3323471","title":"ALIGN","display_name":"ALIGN","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2945221971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3316781.3323471","mag":"2945221971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3316781.3323471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3316781.3323471","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Design Automation Conference 2019","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063963932","display_name":"Kishor Kunal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3510-9850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kishor Kunal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063857392","display_name":"Meghna Madhusudan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5101-2421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meghna Madhusudan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100732194","display_name":"Arvind Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9250-9642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arvind K. Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055673445","display_name":"Wenbin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5165-8556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University College Station, TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University College Station, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053468539","display_name":"Steven M. Burns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0248-5403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven M. Burns","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation Hillsboro, OR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation Hillsboro, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059037025","display_name":"Ramesh Harjani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7691-566X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Harjani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103246390","display_name":"Jiang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University College Station, TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University College Station, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061222925","display_name":"Desmond A. Kirkpatrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-1830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Desmond A. Kirkpatrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068714995","display_name":"Sachin S. Sapatnekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5353-2364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sachin S. Sapatnekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063963932"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.173,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94651045,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11338","display_name":"Advancements in Photolithography Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netlist","display_name":"Netlist","score":0.9415302276611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7279372811317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6734915971755981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.598961353302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5954316854476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floorplan","display_name":"Floorplan","score":0.5313682556152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-design-automation","display_name":"Electronic design automation","score":0.49297332763671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.48476022481918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4446563720703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ic-layout-editor","display_name":"IC layout editor","score":0.4435112178325653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit-layout","display_name":"Integrated circuit layout","score":0.42411381006240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-programming","display_name":"Modular programming","score":0.41321584582328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.4034839868545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.28761929273605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2756974697113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2378956377506256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15504011511802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.14449605345726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-extraction","display_name":"Circuit extraction","score":0.13025212287902832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10357668995857239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177650935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760303","display_name":"Netlist","level":2,"score":0.9415302276611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7279372811317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6734915971755981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.598961353302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5954316854476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130145326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553985","display_name":"Floorplan","level":2,"score":0.5313682556152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64260653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194864","display_name":"Electronic design automation","level":2,"score":0.49297332763671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.48476022481918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4446563720703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5546195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5969842","display_name":"IC layout editor","level":5,"score":0.4435112178325653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2765594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2624187","display_name":"Integrated circuit layout","level":3,"score":0.42411381006240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88482812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453666","display_name":"Modular programming","level":2,"score":0.41321584582328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.4034839868545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.28761929273605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2756974697113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2378956377506256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15504011511802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.14449605345726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26490066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17006835","display_name":"Circuit extraction","level":4,"score":0.13025212287902832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10357668995857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23572009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964981","display_name":"Equivalent circuit","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3316781.3323471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3316781.3323471","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Design Automation Conference 2019","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W617196099","https://openalex.org/W1999357165","https://openalex.org/W2045221862","https://openalex.org/W2108229403","https://openalex.org/W2111303689","https://openalex.org/W2114912418","https://openalex.org/W2146519106","https://openalex.org/W2156076271","https://openalex.org/W2200927532","https://openalex.org/W2503562753"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2583707817","https://openalex.org/W3080940989","https://openalex.org/W4287685600","https://openalex.org/W2045697850","https://openalex.org/W2967850598","https://openalex.org/W2904595763","https://openalex.org/W2304374807","https://openalex.org/W2128606704","https://openalex.org/W2253173388","https://openalex.org/W2131607581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,63],"presents":[2],"analog":[3],"layout":[4,19],"automation":[5],"efforts":[6],"under":[7],"the":[8,51,68,72,93],"ALIGN":[9],"(\"Analog":[10],"Layout,":[11],"Intelligently":[12],"Generated":[13],"from":[14],"Netlists\")":[15],"project":[16],"for":[17,60],"fast":[18],"generation":[20],"using":[21],"a":[22,27,56,65],"modular":[23],"approach":[24,44],"based":[25,41,58],"on":[26,42],"mix":[28],"of":[29,67,71],"algorithmic":[30],"and":[31,48,54,83,98,101],"machine":[32],"learning-based":[33],"tools.":[34],"The":[35,62],"road":[36],"to":[37,104],"rapid":[38],"turnaround":[39],"is":[40],"an":[43,80],"that":[45],"detects":[46],"structure":[47],"hierarchy":[49],"in":[50,75],"input":[52],"netlist":[53],"uses":[55],"grid":[57],"philosophy":[59],"layout.":[61],"provides":[64],"view":[66],"current":[69],"status":[70],"project,":[73],"challenges":[74],"developing":[76],"open-source":[77,99],"code":[78],"with":[79,89],"academic/industry":[81],"team,":[82],"nuts-and-bolts":[84],"issues":[85],"such":[86],"as":[87],"working":[88],"abstracted":[90],"PDKs,":[91],"navigating":[92],"\"wall\"":[94],"between":[95],"secured":[96],"IP":[97],"software,":[100],"securing":[102],"access":[103],"example":[105],"designs.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2019-05-29T00:00:00"}