{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944898315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3316781.3317797","title":"Design Guidelines of RRAM based Neural-Processing-Unit","display_name":"Design Guidelines of RRAM based Neural-Processing-Unit","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944898315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3316781.3317797","mag":"2944898315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3316781.3317797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3316781.3317797","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Design Automation Conference 2019","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669249","display_name":"Wenqiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8615-0162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076031530","display_name":"Xiaochen Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6148-7711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochen Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040105498","display_name":"Huaqiang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8359-7997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaqiang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008633924","display_name":"Bin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2417-983X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101553403","display_name":"Hu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3239-430X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016596981","display_name":"Youhui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2333-3580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youhui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054894631","display_name":"Shimeng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-3652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shimeng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100746962","display_name":"He Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3377-5366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.7357738614082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6044873595237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5773833990097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5629439353942871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5327503681182861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.5144531726837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.43818971514701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4346696138381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.39882755279541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28894397616386414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.28316056728363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25327563285827637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.7357738614082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6044873595237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5773833990097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5629439353942871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5327503681182861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.5144531726837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.43818971514701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4346696138381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.39882755279541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28894397616386414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.28316056728363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25327563285827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3316781.3317797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3316781.3317797","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Design Automation Conference 2019","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1983096721","https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2346143906","https://openalex.org/W2508602506","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2613205562","https://openalex.org/W2766447205","https://openalex.org/W2778935320","https://openalex.org/W2781163782","https://openalex.org/W2782046614","https://openalex.org/W2785346409","https://openalex.org/W2803163155","https://openalex.org/W2805362231","https://openalex.org/W2807750997","https://openalex.org/W2886146119","https://openalex.org/W2896122000","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2964166416","https://openalex.org/W4243519499","https://openalex.org/W4254672563"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054635671","https://openalex.org/W2545245183","https://openalex.org/W2017425642","https://openalex.org/W2350916061","https://openalex.org/W2952918855","https://openalex.org/W1970117475","https://openalex.org/W4396815615","https://openalex.org/W3161624601","https://openalex.org/W2078381924","https://openalex.org/W4381388454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"RRAM":[0,85,106],"based":[1],"neural-processing-unit":[2],"(NPU)":[3],"is":[4,87,108],"emerging":[5],"for":[6,84,105,133,156,162],"processing":[7],"general":[8],"purpose":[9],"machine":[10],"intelligence":[11],"algorithms":[12],"with":[13,45,89],"ultra-high":[14],"energy":[15],"efficiency,":[16],"while":[17],"the":[18,21,28,41,55,73,112,117,134,163],"imperfections":[19],"of":[20,40,47,57,101,136,144,151],"analog":[22,152],"devices":[23],"and":[24,38,50,71,103],"cross-point":[25],"arrays":[26],"make":[27,111],"practical":[29],"application":[30],"more":[31],"complicated.":[32],"In":[33,62],"order":[34],"to":[35,95,110,116],"improve":[36],"accuracy":[37],"robustness":[39],"NPU,":[42],"device-circuit-algorithm":[43,69],"codesign":[44],"consideration":[46],"underlying":[48],"device":[49,59,94],"array":[51],"characteristics":[52],"should":[53],"outperform":[54],"optimization":[56],"individual":[58],"or":[60],"algorithm.":[61,96],"this":[63],"work,":[64],"we":[65],"provide":[66],"a":[67],"joint":[68],"analysis":[70,113],"propose":[72],"corresponding":[74],"design":[75,100],"guidelines.":[76],"Key":[77],"innovations":[78],"include:":[79],"1)":[80],"An":[81],"end-to-end":[82],"simulator":[83],"NPU":[86,107,164],"developed":[88],"an":[90],"integrated":[91],"framework":[92],"from":[93,142],"2)":[97],"The":[98],"complete":[99],"circuit":[102],"architecture":[104],"provided":[109],"much":[114],"close":[115],"real":[118],"prototype.":[119],"3)":[120],"A":[121],"large-scale":[122],"neural":[123],"network":[124],"as":[125,127,147],"well":[126],"other":[128],"general-purpose":[129],"networks":[130],"are":[131,160],"processed":[132],"study":[135],"device-circuit":[137],"interaction.":[138],"4)":[139],"Accuracy":[140],"loss":[141],"non-idealities":[143],"RRAM,":[145],"such":[146],"I-V":[148],"nonlinearity,":[149],"noises":[150],"resistance":[153],"levels,":[154],"voltage-drop":[155],"interconnect,":[157],"ADC/DAC":[158],"precision,":[159],"evaluated":[161],"design.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}