{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946730224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314942","title":"Toward an Effective Igbo Part-of-Speech Tagger","display_name":"Toward an Effective Igbo Part-of-Speech Tagger","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946730224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314942","mag":"2946730224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3314942","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/142310/1/towards_effective_Igbo_pos_tagger.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070552498","display_name":"Ikechukwu Onyenwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9727-7297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikechukwu E. Onyenwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9727-7297","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057386453","display_name":"Mark Hepple","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1488-257X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Hepple","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006935598","display_name":"Chinedu Uchechukwu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uchechukwu Chinedu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041050521","display_name":"Ignatius Ezeani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8286-9997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ignatius Ezeani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5648,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74349093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agglutinative-language","display_name":"Agglutinative language","score":0.9771949052810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/igbo","display_name":"Igbo","score":0.9770867228507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7596701979637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6190083026885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5776165723800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-of-speech-tagging","display_name":"Part-of-speech tagging","score":0.4956115484237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nominalization","display_name":"Nominalization","score":0.450990229845047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.4225958585739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4130040407180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-of-speech","display_name":"Part of speech","score":0.37788254022598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noun","display_name":"Noun","score":0.33387598395347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.24589300155639648}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80875076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171263","display_name":"Agglutinative language","level":3,"score":0.9771949052810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778410420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33578","display_name":"Igbo","level":2,"score":0.9770867228507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7596701979637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6190083026885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5776165723800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780684714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271424","display_name":"Part-of-speech tagging","level":3,"score":0.4956115484237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122295659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1500667","display_name":"Nominalization","level":3,"score":0.450990229845047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4225958585739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4130040407180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123406163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82042","display_name":"Part of speech","level":2,"score":0.37788254022598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.33387598395347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.24589300155639648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3314942","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:142310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/142310/1/towards_effective_Igbo_pos_tagger.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:151188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/151188/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:142310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/142310/1/towards_effective_Igbo_pos_tagger.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946730224.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946730224.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76271513","https://openalex.org/W86948597","https://openalex.org/W298406948","https://openalex.org/W1524281572","https://openalex.org/W1773803948","https://openalex.org/W1984118948","https://openalex.org/W1996430422","https://openalex.org/W2085606725","https://openalex.org/W2110448499","https://openalex.org/W2117400858","https://openalex.org/W2127136515","https://openalex.org/W2130851608","https://openalex.org/W2132902889","https://openalex.org/W2135379785","https://openalex.org/W2135843243","https://openalex.org/W2144839729","https://openalex.org/W2155280192","https://openalex.org/W2250963822","https://openalex.org/W2251117086","https://openalex.org/W2401410308","https://openalex.org/W2513675806","https://openalex.org/W2531621976","https://openalex.org/W2619358065","https://openalex.org/W2760389135","https://openalex.org/W2783331529","https://openalex.org/W2951200021","https://openalex.org/W2998314454","https://openalex.org/W3142103593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501799448","https://openalex.org/W2737229769","https://openalex.org/W2756224463","https://openalex.org/W2201478077","https://openalex.org/W2280576234","https://openalex.org/W2118491422","https://openalex.org/W2919335782","https://openalex.org/W2359735614","https://openalex.org/W2519095752","https://openalex.org/W2946730224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Part-of-speech":[0],"(POS)":[1],"tagging":[2,34,133,185],"is":[3,110,142,161],"a":[4,13,42,59,94,101,156,162,180],"well-established":[5],"technology":[6],"for":[7,45,67,80,103,183],"most":[8],"Western":[9],"European":[10,83],"languages":[11],"and":[12,50,85,90],"few":[14],"other":[15],"world":[16],"languages,":[17,84],"but":[18,135],"it":[19],"has":[20,93],"not":[21],"been":[22,72],"evaluated":[23],"on":[24,179,187],"Igbo,":[25],"an":[26,38,121],"agglutinative":[27,146],"African":[28],"language.":[29,69],"This":[30,159],"article":[31],"presents":[32],"POS":[33,48,77,105,132],"experiments":[35,178],"conducted":[36,73],"using":[37,74],"Igbo":[39,92,172],"corpus":[40],"as":[41],"test":[43],"bed":[44],"identifying":[46],"the":[47,51,63,68,111,131,166],"taggers":[49,78],"Machine":[52],"Learning":[53],"(ML)":[54],"methods":[55],"that":[56,99,119],"can":[57,149],"achieve":[58],"good":[60],"performance":[61,186],"with":[62],"small":[64],"dataset":[65],"available":[66],"Experiments":[70],"have":[71,120],"different":[75,86],"well-known":[76],"developed":[79],"English":[81],"or":[82],"training":[87],"data":[88],"styles":[89],"sizes.":[91],"number":[95],"of":[96,114,165,177],"language-specific":[97],"characteristics":[98],"present":[100],"challenge":[102],"effective":[104],"tagging.":[106,173],"One":[107],"interesting":[108],"case":[109],"wide":[112],"use":[113],"verbs":[115],"(and":[116],"nominalizations":[117],"thereof)":[118],"inherent":[122],"noun":[123],"complement":[124],",":[125],"which":[126,136,148],"form":[127],"\u201clinked":[128],"pairs\u201d":[129],"in":[130],"scheme,":[134],"may":[137],"appear":[138],"discontinuously.":[139],"Another":[140],"issue":[141],"Igbo\u2019s":[143],"highly":[144],"productive":[145],"morphology,":[147],"produce":[150],"many":[151],"variant":[152],"word":[153],"forms":[154],"from":[155],"given":[157],"root.":[158],"productivity":[160],"key":[163],"cause":[164],"out-of-vocabulary":[167],"(OOV)":[168],"words":[169],"observed":[170],"during":[171],"We":[174],"report":[175],"results":[176],"promising":[181],"direction":[182],"improving":[184],"such":[188],"morphologically-inflected":[189],"OOV":[190],"words.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
