{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3031029492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376836","title":"EarBuddy: Enabling On-Face Interaction via Wireless Earbuds","display_name":"EarBuddy: Enabling On-Face Interaction via Wireless Earbuds","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3031029492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376836","mag":"3031029492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3313831.3376836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376836","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066796307","display_name":"Xuhai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5930-3899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuhai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington &amp; Tsinghua University, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington &amp; Tsinghua University, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066742327","display_name":"Haitian Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitian Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University &amp; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University &amp; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068034013","display_name":"Xin Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-7962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University &amp; Key Laboratory of Pervasive Computing, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University &amp; Key Laboratory of Pervasive Computing, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"WenJia Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"WenJia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055104105","display_name":"Yukang Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-3755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukang Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057896400","display_name":"Yuanchun Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2273-6927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanchun Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University &amp; Key Laboratory of Pervasive Computing, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University &amp; Key Laboratory of Pervasive Computing, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058862746","display_name":"Alex Mariakakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9986-3345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Mariakakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040915036","display_name":"Jennifer Mankoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-5324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Mankoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032134965","display_name":"Anind K. Dey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3004-0770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anind K. Dey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066796307"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3674,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97428837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.9040489196777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.9039465188980103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7983920574188232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.7588697671890259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7144259214401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6569106578826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6062626242637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.591722309589386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5244824290275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.4865671694278717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4397088289260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4391576945781708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.42889106273651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-interaction","display_name":"Mobile interaction","score":0.4121033549308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.3735307455062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33808523416519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.06772643327713013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.06536158919334412}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.9040489196777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.9039465188980103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7983920574188232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.7588697671890259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7144259214401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6569106578826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6062626242637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.591722309589386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5244824290275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.4865671694278717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4397088289260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4391576945781708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.42889106273651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115121344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887140","display_name":"Mobile interaction","level":3,"score":0.4121033549308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.3735307455062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33808523416519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.06772643327713013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.06536158919334412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3313831.3376836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376836","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W821549425","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1977452208","https://openalex.org/W1997430507","https://openalex.org/W2001742158","https://openalex.org/W2009504845","https://openalex.org/W2026636460","https://openalex.org/W2044892219","https://openalex.org/W2047892947","https://openalex.org/W2060980188","https://openalex.org/W2072877413","https://openalex.org/W2098790836","https://openalex.org/W2108950108","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2120629103","https://openalex.org/W2129186559","https://openalex.org/W2137343183","https://openalex.org/W2144685889","https://openalex.org/W2153720732","https://openalex.org/W2161141776","https://openalex.org/W2162571277","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2169012140","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2288812598","https://openalex.org/W2408252211","https://openalex.org/W2510740966","https://openalex.org/W2518198411","https://openalex.org/W2526050071","https://openalex.org/W2610623618","https://openalex.org/W2610979204","https://openalex.org/W2619516334","https://openalex.org/W2752632286","https://openalex.org/W2765240282","https://openalex.org/W2766835435","https://openalex.org/W2782890024","https://openalex.org/W2793828762","https://openalex.org/W2795600692","https://openalex.org/W2888709691","https://openalex.org/W2896540724","https://openalex.org/W2897647475","https://openalex.org/W2907493122","https://openalex.org/W2935290040","https://openalex.org/W2941054658","https://openalex.org/W2942433159","https://openalex.org/W2942496795","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2980880049","https://openalex.org/W2997437965","https://openalex.org/W3004394942","https://openalex.org/W3011946672","https://openalex.org/W3029292602","https://openalex.org/W3083532247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118717649","https://openalex.org/W2902873204","https://openalex.org/W2185750513","https://openalex.org/W2010878661","https://openalex.org/W3147379364","https://openalex.org/W2026258298","https://openalex.org/W3204639664","https://openalex.org/W2970836791","https://openalex.org/W2805039731","https://openalex.org/W2989699735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Past":[0],"research":[1],"regarding":[2],"on-body":[3],"interaction":[4,116],"typically":[5],"requires":[6],"custom":[7],"sensors,":[8],"limiting":[9],"their":[10],"scalability":[11,147],"and":[12,31,37,49,67,79,87,117,142,148],"generalizability.":[13],"We":[14,39,70],"propose":[15],"EarBuddy,":[16],"a":[17,41,51,72,100,128],"real-time":[18],"system":[19],"that":[20,60,111,118,135],"leverages":[21],"the":[22,35,57,124,144],"microphone":[23,68],"in":[24],"commercial":[25,139],"wireless":[26,140],"earbuds":[27,141],"to":[28,44,55,104],"detect":[29],"tapping":[30],"sliding":[32],"gestures":[33,48,59,77],"near":[34],"face":[36],"ears.":[38],"develop":[40],"design":[42],"space":[43],"generate":[45],"27":[46],"valid":[47],"conducted":[50,99],"user":[52,101],"study":[53,102],"(N=16)":[54],"select":[56],"eight":[58,76],"were":[61],"optimal":[62],"for":[63,84,146],"both":[64],"human":[65],"preference":[66],"detectability.":[69],"collected":[71],"dataset":[73],"on":[74],"those":[75],"(N=20)":[78],"trained":[80],"deep":[81],"learning":[82],"models":[83],"gesture":[85],"detection":[86],"classification.":[88],"Our":[89,108],"optimized":[90],"classifier":[91],"achieved":[92],"an":[93],"accuracy":[94],"of":[95],"95.3%.":[96],"Finally,":[97],"we":[98],"(N=12)":[103],"evaluate":[105],"EarBuddy's":[106],"usability.":[107],"results":[109],"show":[110],"EarBuddy":[112,126],"can":[113],"facilitate":[114],"novel":[115],"users":[119],"feel":[120],"very":[121],"positively":[122],"about":[123],"system.":[125],"provides":[127],"new":[129],"eyes-free,":[130],"socially":[131],"acceptable":[132],"input":[133],"method":[134],"is":[136],"compatible":[137],"with":[138],"has":[143],"potential":[145],"generalizability":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
