{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3030715443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376701","title":"Predicting Mid-Air Interaction Movements and Fatigue Using Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Predicting Mid-Air Interaction Movements and Fatigue Using Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3030715443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376701","mag":"3030715443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3313831.3376701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376701","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376701","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376701","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065633044","display_name":"Noshaba Cheema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1275-4080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Noshaba Cheema","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck Institute for Informatics &amp; German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck Institute for Informatics &amp; German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073347563","display_name":"Laura Frey\u2010Law","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3574-3715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura A. Frey-Law","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069822000","display_name":"Kourosh Naderi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kourosh Naderi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103009697","display_name":"Jaakko Lehtinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-4944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaakko Lehtinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University &amp; NVIDIA Research, Espoo &amp; Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University &amp; NVIDIA Research, Espoo &amp; Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026514026","display_name":"Philipp Slusallek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Slusallek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saarland University &amp; German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saarland University &amp; German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026","https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060951467","display_name":"Perttu H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7764-3459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perttu H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065633044"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3968,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92887243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7161575555801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6414414644241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6285868883132935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6127836108207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.6102781295776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.503105103969574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.4450932741165161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.43154582381248474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-fatigue","display_name":"Muscle fatigue","score":0.42874181270599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.3769153654575348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26217901706695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.09636867046356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.09590277075767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.08708345890045166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7161575555801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6414414644241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6285868883132935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6127836108207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.6102781295776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.503105103969574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.4450932741165161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.43154582381248474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6940317","display_name":"Muscle fatigue","level":3,"score":0.42874181270599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.3769153654575348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26217901706695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.09636867046356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.09590277075767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.08708345890045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3313831.3376701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376701","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376701","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/101634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/d0a15f11-0457-49ac-955b-72605ab1d8b4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401663","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3313831.3376701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376701","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376701","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W61751760","https://openalex.org/W1593506246","https://openalex.org/W1598140581","https://openalex.org/W1892018222","https://openalex.org/W1944916001","https://openalex.org/W1956636948","https://openalex.org/W1983988683","https://openalex.org/W1991691398","https://openalex.org/W1997861712","https://openalex.org/W2010358623","https://openalex.org/W2019681680","https://openalex.org/W2021529897","https://openalex.org/W2030397262","https://openalex.org/W2033544493","https://openalex.org/W2034101006","https://openalex.org/W2055364165","https://openalex.org/W2056239449","https://openalex.org/W2056898157","https://openalex.org/W2058651536","https://openalex.org/W2062036029","https://openalex.org/W2089059393","https://openalex.org/W2090707422","https://openalex.org/W2102114669","https://openalex.org/W2104389643","https://openalex.org/W2107387209","https://openalex.org/W2109912654","https://openalex.org/W2121813011","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2122096520","https://openalex.org/W2130281033","https://openalex.org/W2133220762","https://openalex.org/W2137864660","https://openalex.org/W2144592607","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2154740693","https://openalex.org/W2158782408","https://openalex.org/W2168443748","https://openalex.org/W2168658224","https://openalex.org/W2179427518","https://openalex.org/W2194938837","https://openalex.org/W2396863940","https://openalex.org/W2397891592","https://openalex.org/W2571403626","https://openalex.org/W2576779203","https://openalex.org/W2606862087","https://openalex.org/W2610293580","https://openalex.org/W2614309179","https://openalex.org/W2639698109","https://openalex.org/W2739232183","https://openalex.org/W2754517384","https://openalex.org/W2760791623","https://openalex.org/W2761234549","https://openalex.org/W2795398890","https://openalex.org/W2795704073","https://openalex.org/W2796290181","https://openalex.org/W2809654049","https://openalex.org/W2897406577","https://openalex.org/W2915667672","https://openalex.org/W2958043083","https://openalex.org/W2962938178","https://openalex.org/W3098163860","https://openalex.org/W3104515094","https://openalex.org/W4239127880","https://openalex.org/W4252853834"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2920061524","https://openalex.org/W4310083477","https://openalex.org/W1977959518","https://openalex.org/W2038908348","https://openalex.org/W2107890255","https://openalex.org/W2106552856","https://openalex.org/W2089013912","https://openalex.org/W2076061571","https://openalex.org/W1987513656","https://openalex.org/W2145821588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"common":[1],"problem":[2],"of":[3,30],"mid-air":[4,31],"interaction":[5,32,148],"is":[6],"excessive":[7],"arm":[8],"fatigue,":[9],"known":[10],"as":[11],"the":[12,60,87,112,126,139],"\"Gorilla":[13],"arm\"":[14],"effect.":[15],"To":[16],"predict":[17],"and":[18,54,83,85,105,129,150],"prevent":[19],"such":[20],"problems":[21],"at":[22],"a":[23,51,142],"low":[24],"cost,":[25],"we":[26],"investigate":[27],"user":[28,151],"testing":[29],"without":[33,154],"real":[34],"users,":[35],"utilizing":[36],"biomechanically":[37],"simulated":[38,61],"AI":[39],"agents":[40],"trained":[41],"using":[42],"deep":[43,135],"Reinforcement":[44],"Learning":[45],"(RL).":[46],"We":[47,68],"implement":[48],"this":[49],"in":[50,80],"pointing":[52],"task":[53],"four":[55],"experimental":[56],"conditions,":[57],"demonstrating":[58],"that":[59,100,119,134],"fatigue":[62,66],"data":[63],"matches":[64],"human":[65],"data.":[67],"also":[69],"compare":[70],"two":[71],"effort":[72],"models:":[73],"1)":[74],"instantaneous":[75,109],"joint":[76,110],"torques":[77],"commonly":[78],"used":[79],"computer":[81],"animation":[82],"robotics,":[84],"2)":[86],"recent":[88],"Three":[89],"Compartment":[90],"Controller":[91],"(3CC-)":[92],"model":[93],"from":[94],"biomechanical":[95],"literature.":[96],"3CC-":[97,140],"yields":[98],"movements":[99,118,149],"are":[101,120],"both":[102,147],"more":[103],"efficient":[104],"relaxed,":[106],"whereas":[107],"with":[108,138],"torques,":[111],"RL":[113,136],"agent":[114],"can":[115],"easily":[116],"generate":[117],"quickly":[121],"tiring":[122],"or":[123],"only":[124],"reach":[125],"targets":[127],"slowly":[128],"inaccurately.":[130],"Our":[131],"work":[132],"demonstrates":[133],"combined":[137],"provides":[141],"viable":[143],"tool":[144],"for":[145],"predicting":[146],"experiencein":[152],"silico,":[153],"users.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T21:40:30.786675","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
