{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3031119543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376412","title":"GPkit: A Human-Centered Approach to Convex Optimization in Engineering Design","display_name":"GPkit: A Human-Centered Approach to Convex Optimization in Engineering Design","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3031119543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376412","mag":"3031119543"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3313831.3376412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376412","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376412","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376412","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080808291","display_name":"Edward Burnell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2878-2388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Burnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070492572","display_name":"Nicole B. Damen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122266389","display_name":"University of Nebraska at Omaha","ror":"https://ror.org/04yrkc140","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122266389"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole B. Damen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122266389"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060786346","display_name":"Warren Hoburg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warren Hoburg","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.076,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9750758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9524000287055969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9524000287055969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9424999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.916100025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6056129336357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.6002364158630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-design-process","display_name":"Engineering design process","score":0.5618616938591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-flow","display_name":"Work flow","score":0.5481619238853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-process","display_name":"Design process","score":0.4569686949253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.42949479818344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometric-programming","display_name":"Geometric programming","score":0.4110877811908722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4100243151187897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.2927566170692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-in-process","display_name":"Work in process","score":0.28804564476013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2783602476119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2293054163455963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.10692229866981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.08083659410476685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6056129336357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6002364158630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34972735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267","display_name":"Engineering design process","level":2,"score":0.5618616938591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985179714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Work flow","level":2,"score":0.5481619238853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48262172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16908765","display_name":"Design process","level":3,"score":0.4569686949253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.42949479818344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20729856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2078279","display_name":"Geometric programming","level":2,"score":0.4110877811908722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4100243151187897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.2927566170692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.28804564476013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2783602476119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2293054163455963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.10692229866981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08083659410476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3313831.3376412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376412","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376412","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/145643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/145643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM|CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems USB","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3313831.3376412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376412","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376412","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2067217525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1854833","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329972","display_name":"SenseTime Group","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3031119543.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3031119543.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506859583","https://openalex.org/W1542685742","https://openalex.org/W1562578637","https://openalex.org/W1577491422","https://openalex.org/W1989092497","https://openalex.org/W1989657183","https://openalex.org/W1996063403","https://openalex.org/W2001728872","https://openalex.org/W2007654916","https://openalex.org/W2043778965","https://openalex.org/W2064846307","https://openalex.org/W2065097434","https://openalex.org/W2073752082","https://openalex.org/W2083977441","https://openalex.org/W2091484882","https://openalex.org/W2110235569","https://openalex.org/W2129516068","https://openalex.org/W2130500927","https://openalex.org/W2131612020","https://openalex.org/W2132251012","https://openalex.org/W2134816385","https://openalex.org/W2150798022","https://openalex.org/W2151363056","https://openalex.org/W2171048418","https://openalex.org/W2178935672","https://openalex.org/W2284072287","https://openalex.org/W2288174618","https://openalex.org/W2290452516","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2313351425","https://openalex.org/W2320246029","https://openalex.org/W2321363927","https://openalex.org/W2326642829","https://openalex.org/W2336115439","https://openalex.org/W2503451794","https://openalex.org/W2546829230","https://openalex.org/W2568476927","https://openalex.org/W2570387465","https://openalex.org/W2588376876","https://openalex.org/W2609377184","https://openalex.org/W2620886037","https://openalex.org/W2767179412","https://openalex.org/W2769038380","https://openalex.org/W2769849020","https://openalex.org/W2775663585","https://openalex.org/W2791821985","https://openalex.org/W2810989255","https://openalex.org/W2813569917","https://openalex.org/W2904160524","https://openalex.org/W2932173029","https://openalex.org/W2946068432","https://openalex.org/W2949979136","https://openalex.org/W2950530938","https://openalex.org/W2963928671","https://openalex.org/W3029645440","https://openalex.org/W3113461067","https://openalex.org/W3114913914","https://openalex.org/W3125221005","https://openalex.org/W4230231730","https://openalex.org/W4244739844","https://openalex.org/W4297825594"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148601120","https://openalex.org/W2101430679","https://openalex.org/W3085686413","https://openalex.org/W336145253","https://openalex.org/W2029812558","https://openalex.org/W2604835868","https://openalex.org/W2412175394","https://openalex.org/W1980520321","https://openalex.org/W1574311936","https://openalex.org/W2414678111"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1,119],"GPkit,":[2],"a":[3,109],"Python":[4],"toolkit":[5,65],"for":[6],"Geometric":[7],"and":[8,14,28,51,62,73,84,89,117,122],"Signomial":[9],"Programming":[10],"that":[11],"prioritizes":[12],"explainability":[13],"incremental":[15],"complexity.":[16],"GPkit":[17,45],"was":[18],"designed":[19],"through":[20],"an":[21],"ethnographic":[22],"approach":[23],"in":[24,47,52,77],"the":[25,36,82,113],"firms,":[26],"classrooms,":[27],"research":[29],"labs":[30],"where":[31],"it":[32],"became":[33],"part":[34],"of":[35,38,86,93],"fabric":[37],"daily":[39],"engineering":[40,95],"work.":[41],"Organizations":[42],"have":[43],"approached":[44],"both":[46],"ways":[48,53],"which":[49,54,59],"centralize":[50],"distribute":[55],"design":[56,110,123],"work,":[57],"usecases":[58],"emerged":[60],"from":[61],"inspired":[63],"new":[64],"features.":[66],"This":[67],"two-way":[68],"flow":[69],"between":[70],"mathematical":[71],"structure":[72],"practitioner":[74],"knowledge":[75],"resulted":[76],"several":[78],"novel":[79,120],"contributions":[80],"to":[81,90,108],"formulation":[83],"interpretation":[85],"convex":[87],"programs":[88],"our":[91],"understanding":[92],"early-stage":[94],"design.":[96],"For":[97],"example,":[98],"dual":[99],"solutions":[100],"(often":[101],"considered":[102],"incidental)":[103],"can":[104],"be":[105],"more":[106],"valuable":[107],"process":[111],"than":[112],"\"optimal":[114],"design\"":[115],"itself,":[116],"we":[118],"algorithms":[121],"methods":[124],"based":[125],"on":[126],"this":[127],"insight.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}