{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3030076837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376411","title":"Companionship Is Not a Function: The Effect of a Novel Robotic Object on Healthy Older Adults' Feelings of \"Being-Seen\"","display_name":"Companionship Is Not a Function: The Effect of a Novel Robotic Object on Healthy Older Adults' Feelings of \"Being-Seen\"","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3030076837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376411","mag":"3030076837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3313831.3376411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376411","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065666920","display_name":"Oren Zuckerman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1310-6499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138898306","display_name":"Reichman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01px5cv07","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oren Zuckerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034365753","display_name":"Dina Walker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138898306","display_name":"Reichman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01px5cv07","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dina Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008889162","display_name":"Andrey Grishko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138898306","display_name":"Reichman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01px5cv07","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrey Grishko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102871690","display_name":"Tal Moran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1456-0899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138898306","display_name":"Reichman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01px5cv07","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tal Moran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061207155","display_name":"Chen Levy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138898306","display_name":"Reichman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01px5cv07","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084332870","display_name":"Barak Lisak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138898306","display_name":"Reichman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01px5cv07","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barak Lisak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028637184","display_name":"Iddo Yehoshua Wald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7998-0133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138898306","display_name":"Reichman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01px5cv07","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iddo Yehoshua Wald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052449845","display_name":"Hadas Erel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7099-6104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138898306","display_name":"Reichman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01px5cv07","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadas Erel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6932,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97008693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling","display_name":"Feeling","score":0.8325563669204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanoid-robot","display_name":"Humanoid robot","score":0.7128344178199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.6907891035079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.562190592288971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5517921447753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.55161052942276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.48173049092292786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.45697343349456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.45137444138526917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-communication","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","score":0.4232231378555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4144301116466522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3964751958847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.39572399854660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.3696976900100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.2985581159591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28025421500205994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.22208335995674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-control","display_name":"Robot control","score":0.187112957239151}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.8325563669204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60692881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584529","display_name":"Humanoid robot","level":3,"score":0.7128344178199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.6907891035079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.562190592288971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5517921447753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.55161052942276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.48173049092292786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.45697343349456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.45137444138526917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.4232231378555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4144301116466522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3964751958847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.39572399854660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3696976900100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2985581159591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28025421500205994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.22208335995674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.187112957239151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3313831.3376411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376411","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W315044466","https://openalex.org/W644893764","https://openalex.org/W1174325445","https://openalex.org/W1574237485","https://openalex.org/W1581785133","https://openalex.org/W1582078130","https://openalex.org/W1598140581","https://openalex.org/W1698088155","https://openalex.org/W1704713533","https://openalex.org/W1736299776","https://openalex.org/W1776880351","https://openalex.org/W1847168837","https://openalex.org/W1889484915","https://openalex.org/W1951008065","https://openalex.org/W1964686234","https://openalex.org/W1970074891","https://openalex.org/W1972361065","https://openalex.org/W1984767015","https://openalex.org/W1987411016","https://openalex.org/W1995475314","https://openalex.org/W2000476293","https://openalex.org/W2008270387","https://openalex.org/W2012372995","https://openalex.org/W2013040441","https://openalex.org/W2021646004","https://openalex.org/W2026684966","https://openalex.org/W2031266072","https://openalex.org/W2033005832","https://openalex.org/W2034119508","https://openalex.org/W2044944647","https://openalex.org/W2059525203","https://openalex.org/W2063688338","https://openalex.org/W2065540192","https://openalex.org/W2075606380","https://openalex.org/W2097744656","https://openalex.org/W2100929576","https://openalex.org/W2109520718","https://openalex.org/W2113909876","https://openalex.org/W2115751874","https://openalex.org/W2120043049","https://openalex.org/W2122113975","https://openalex.org/W2130268063","https://openalex.org/W2131799829","https://openalex.org/W2132164645","https://openalex.org/W2134857549","https://openalex.org/W2137374430","https://openalex.org/W2139413549","https://openalex.org/W2141076875","https://openalex.org/W2143787839","https://openalex.org/W2145978062","https://openalex.org/W2148142846","https://openalex.org/W2154543439","https://openalex.org/W2155835782","https://openalex.org/W2159531958","https://openalex.org/W2164686764","https://openalex.org/W2165332998","https://openalex.org/W2165758561","https://openalex.org/W2167124170","https://openalex.org/W2169516620","https://openalex.org/W2169796177","https://openalex.org/W2169984036","https://openalex.org/W2344051148","https://openalex.org/W2405404285","https://openalex.org/W2413437260","https://openalex.org/W2466115856","https://openalex.org/W2560362541","https://openalex.org/W2593122996","https://openalex.org/W2594575328","https://openalex.org/W2611961900","https://openalex.org/W2756219088","https://openalex.org/W2769749849","https://openalex.org/W2808281222","https://openalex.org/W2900191078","https://openalex.org/W2935302285","https://openalex.org/W2942706600","https://openalex.org/W2998090943","https://openalex.org/W4233145640","https://openalex.org/W4245819390","https://openalex.org/W4255542684","https://openalex.org/W6893597228"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066003895","https://openalex.org/W2537963312","https://openalex.org/W2542221445","https://openalex.org/W177694623","https://openalex.org/W1589423663","https://openalex.org/W2153355016","https://openalex.org/W2953790200","https://openalex.org/W2051792111","https://openalex.org/W2079483114","https://openalex.org/W2079685522"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,12,43,100,132,139],"the":[2,39,82,93,106,130],"challenges":[3],"faced":[4],"by":[5,69,113],"healthy":[6,31,77],"older":[7,28,32,78],"adults":[8,33,79],"is":[9,52,59,147],"experiencing":[10],"feelings":[11,99],"not":[13,148],"\"being-seen\".":[14],"Companion":[15],"robots,":[16,141],"commonly":[17],"designed":[18],"with":[19,81,98,116,142],"zoomorphic":[20],"or":[21],"humanoid":[22],"appearance":[23],"show":[24,92],"success":[25],"among":[26],"clinical":[27],"adults,":[29],"but":[30],"find":[34],"them":[35],"degrading.":[36],"We":[37,122],"present":[38],"design":[40],"and":[41,89,102],"implementation":[42],"a":[44,53,62,73,136,143],"novel":[45],"non-humanoid":[46,133],"robot.":[47],"The":[48],"robot's":[49],"primary":[50,144],"function":[51,145],"cognitive":[54],"word":[55],"game.":[56],"Social":[57],"interaction":[58],"conveyed":[60],"as":[61,135],"secondary":[63],"function,":[64,115],"using":[65],"non-verbal":[66,94],"gestures,":[67],"inspired":[68],"dancers'":[70],"movement.":[71],"In":[72],"lab":[74],"study,":[75],"39":[76],"interacted":[80],"prototype":[83],"in":[84],"3":[85],"conditions:":[86],"Companion-Function;":[87],"Game-Function;":[88],"No-Function.":[90],"Results":[91],"gestures":[95],"were":[96],"associated":[97],"\"being-seen\",":[101],"willingness":[103],"to":[104],"accept":[105],"robot":[107,125],"into":[108],"their":[109],"home":[110],"was":[111],"influenced":[112],"its":[114],"game":[117],"significantly":[118],"higher":[119],"than":[120],"companion.":[121],"conclude":[123],"that":[124,146],"designers":[126],"should":[127],"further":[128],"explore":[129],"potential":[131],"robots":[134],"new":[137],"class":[138],"companion":[140],"companionship.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}