{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3032049092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376232","title":"Will the Crowd Game the Algorithm?","display_name":"Will the Crowd Game the Algorithm?","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3032049092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376232","mag":"3032049092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3313831.3376232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376232","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376232","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376232","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076651767","display_name":"Ziv Epstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-5756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziv Epstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020533147","display_name":"Gordon Pennycook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1344-6143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194028371","display_name":"University of Regina","ror":"https://ror.org/03dzc0485","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordon Pennycook","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056499434","display_name":"David G. Rand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-2783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Rand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.7938,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98949443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.9272319078445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.771461009979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6644208431243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6558147072792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mainstream","display_name":"Mainstream","score":0.6398220062255859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5447531342506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.47819972038269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.46593207120895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.4176671504974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.268039345741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2606431841850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2254650890827179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.20172396302223206}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.9272319078445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.771461009979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6644208431243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6558147072792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.6398220062255859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5447531342506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.47819972038269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.46593207120895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4176671504974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.268039345741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2606431841850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2254650890827179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.20172396302223206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3313831.3376232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376232","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376232","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3313831.3376232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376232","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376232","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306193","display_name":"John Templeton Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/035tnyy05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307873","display_name":"William and Flora Hewlett Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04hd1y677"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315939","display_name":"Miami Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01k6q3j92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334617","display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04j5jqy92"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3032049092.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3032049092.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W651477617","https://openalex.org/W1532503642","https://openalex.org/W2086645750","https://openalex.org/W2124637344","https://openalex.org/W2127806899","https://openalex.org/W2149273804","https://openalex.org/W2162311572","https://openalex.org/W2296172910","https://openalex.org/W2340645138","https://openalex.org/W2433203947","https://openalex.org/W2592913799","https://openalex.org/W2617660813","https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2759820691","https://openalex.org/W2769670129","https://openalex.org/W2790166049","https://openalex.org/W2791544114","https://openalex.org/W2793255598","https://openalex.org/W2794731118","https://openalex.org/W2799228294","https://openalex.org/W2899024559","https://openalex.org/W2899317835","https://openalex.org/W2899403701","https://openalex.org/W2911522314","https://openalex.org/W2913081045","https://openalex.org/W2938086271","https://openalex.org/W2941486823","https://openalex.org/W2999682719","https://openalex.org/W3000970298","https://openalex.org/W3104941562","https://openalex.org/W3121274724","https://openalex.org/W3124804010","https://openalex.org/W3151234889","https://openalex.org/W3166101609","https://openalex.org/W3177282563","https://openalex.org/W4249247059","https://openalex.org/W4249934906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W3197131596","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W4390616380","https://openalex.org/W4388666321","https://openalex.org/W4205914924","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W4283459170"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0],"can":[1],"social":[2,100],"media":[3,101],"platforms":[4],"fight":[5],"the":[6,82,88,92,142,145],"spread":[7],"of":[8,37,84,91,148],"misinformation?":[9],"One":[10],"possibility":[11],"is":[12],"to":[13,17,42,55,86],"use":[14],"newsfeed":[15],"algorithms":[16,135],"downrank":[18],"content":[19,57],"from":[20],"sources":[21,107],"that":[22,58,129],"users":[23],"rate":[24],"as":[25],"untrustworthy.":[26],"But":[27],"will":[28,47],"laypeople":[29],"be":[30],"handicapped":[31],"by":[32],"motivated":[33],"reasoning":[34],"or":[35,112],"lack":[36],"expertise,":[38],"and":[39,116],"thus":[40],"unable":[41],"identify":[43],"misinformation":[44],"sites?":[45],"And":[46],"they":[48],"\"game\"":[49],"this":[50],"crowdsourcing":[51],"mechanism":[52],"in":[53,69,76],"order":[54],"promote":[56],"aligns":[59],"with":[60,122],"their":[61,74,96,117,130],"partisan":[62],"agendas?":[63],"We":[64],"conducted":[65],"a":[66],"survey":[67],"experiment":[68],"which":[70],"=984":[71],"Americans":[72],"indicated":[73],"trust":[75,149],"numerous":[77],"news":[78,114],"sites.":[79],"To":[80],"study":[81],"tendency":[83],"people":[85],"game":[87],"system,":[89],"half":[90],"participants":[93,128],"were":[94,119],"told":[95],"responses":[97,131],"would":[98,132],"inform":[99],"ranking":[102,134],"algorithms.":[103],"Participants":[104],"trusted":[105],"mainstream":[106],"much":[108],"more":[109],"than":[110],"hyper-partisan":[111],"fake":[113],"sources,":[115],"ratings":[118],"highly":[120],"correlated":[121],"professional":[123],"fact-checker":[124],"judgments.":[125],"Critically,":[126],"informing":[127],"influence":[133],"did":[136],"not":[137],"diminish":[138],"these":[139],"results,":[140],"despite":[141],"manipulation":[143],"increasing":[144],"political":[146],"polarization":[147],"ratings.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}