{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2948448861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3311788","title":"Age Difference in Perceived Ease of Use, Curiosity, and Implicit Negative Attitude toward Robots","display_name":"Age Difference in Perceived Ease of Use, Curiosity, and Implicit Negative Attitude toward Robots","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2948448861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3311788","mag":"2948448861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3311788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3311788","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3311788","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193251","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","issn_l":"2573-9522","issn":["2573-9522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3311788","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030113257","display_name":"Sung-En Chien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7011-720X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sung-En Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084994368","display_name":"Li Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-6244"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University and The Chinese University of Hong Kung, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University and The Chinese University of Hong Kung, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042729458","display_name":"Hsing-Hao Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9162-8797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsing-Hao Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109425536","display_name":"Chien-Chun Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Chun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030515726","display_name":"Fo-Hui Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fo-Hui Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101642632","display_name":"Pei-Ling Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6718-8050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei-Ling Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016292791","display_name":"Te\u2010Mei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-1427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Te-Mei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060015826","display_name":"Su\u2010Ling Yeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4597-8697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su-Ling Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030113257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8049,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97973613,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14308","display_name":"Psychological and Educational Research Studies","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curiosity","display_name":"Curiosity","score":0.891417384147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6975589990615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6523939371109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.649951696395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implicit-association-test","display_name":"Implicit-association test","score":0.5111218094825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-people","display_name":"Older people","score":0.4727120101451874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.4602881968021393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implicit-attitude","display_name":"Implicit attitude","score":0.4486958980560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-attitude","display_name":"Positive attitude","score":0.43357813358306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.382593035697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.32456541061401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22581401467323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17822784185409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gerontology","display_name":"Gerontology","score":0.14333435893058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11212405562400818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33435437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366791","display_name":"Curiosity","level":2,"score":0.891417384147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6975589990615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6523939371109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.649951696395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779778163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774081","display_name":"Implicit-association test","level":2,"score":0.5111218094825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019887659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191089","display_name":"Older people","level":2,"score":0.4727120101451874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4602881968021393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204421591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6007271","display_name":"Implicit attitude","level":2,"score":0.4486958980560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019512768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399675","display_name":"Positive attitude","level":2,"score":0.43357813358306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.382593035697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.32456541061401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22581401467323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17822784185409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.14333435893058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11212405562400818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3311788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3311788","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3311788","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193251","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","issn_l":"2573-9522","issn":["2573-9522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3311788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3311788","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3311788","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193251","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","issn_l":"2573-9522","issn":["2573-9522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322214","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948448861.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948448861.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75277929","https://openalex.org/W1561153611","https://openalex.org/W1698088155","https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W1964686234","https://openalex.org/W1965514675","https://openalex.org/W1976723219","https://openalex.org/W1986558703","https://openalex.org/W1998043162","https://openalex.org/W2010545762","https://openalex.org/W2011525365","https://openalex.org/W2019497504","https://openalex.org/W2023908618","https://openalex.org/W2025170763","https://openalex.org/W2039426506","https://openalex.org/W2048504820","https://openalex.org/W2055958787","https://openalex.org/W2066384970","https://openalex.org/W2068172675","https://openalex.org/W2072929071","https://openalex.org/W2073866452","https://openalex.org/W2074404186","https://openalex.org/W2096648510","https://openalex.org/W2098098526","https://openalex.org/W2102420950","https://openalex.org/W2103093506","https://openalex.org/W2117393256","https://openalex.org/W2121404499","https://openalex.org/W2126924803","https://openalex.org/W2130165667","https://openalex.org/W2136162107","https://openalex.org/W2137577228","https://openalex.org/W2140534852","https://openalex.org/W2140797606","https://openalex.org/W2165332998","https://openalex.org/W2168569455","https://openalex.org/W2171234631","https://openalex.org/W2240915444","https://openalex.org/W2612002453","https://openalex.org/W2757061426","https://openalex.org/W2766970278","https://openalex.org/W2767114065","https://openalex.org/W4231165370","https://openalex.org/W4232325853","https://openalex.org/W4237513721","https://openalex.org/W4247118947"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588014147","https://openalex.org/W2395855071","https://openalex.org/W2085644480","https://openalex.org/W2984948089","https://openalex.org/W2074404186","https://openalex.org/W2105235671","https://openalex.org/W2353241225","https://openalex.org/W1977260636","https://openalex.org/W2323094365","https://openalex.org/W2391586172"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"older":[1,47,95,109,156,163,177],"adults\u2019":[2,178],"attitudes":[3,34,52,103,195],"toward":[4,35,68,104,170,184,196],"robots":[5,11,36,69,105,149],"has":[6],"become":[7],"increasingly":[8],"important":[9],"as":[10,19,73,129],"have":[12],"been":[13],"introduced":[14],"in":[15,29],"various":[16],"settings,":[17],"such":[18],"retirement":[20],"homes.":[21],"We":[22],"investigated":[23],"whether":[24],"there":[25],"are":[26],"age":[27],"differences":[28],"both":[30,58,94],"implicit":[31,86,146,167,182],"and":[32,45,60,96,143,150],"explicit":[33,78,102,194],"after":[37,61,106],"interacting":[38,62],"with":[39,63,137],"an":[40,85],"assistive":[41],"robot.":[42,65],"Twenty-four":[43],"younger":[44,97,116,130,159],"24":[46],"adults":[48,98,110,131,157,164],"were":[49,53],"recruited.":[50],"Explicit":[51],"measured":[54,72,83],"by":[55],"self-reported":[56],"questionnaires":[57],"before":[59],"the":[64,126,135,145],"State":[66],"curiosity":[67,114,121],"was":[70,82,153],"also":[71],"a":[74],"momentary":[75],"form":[76],"of":[77,140],"attitude.":[79],"Implicit":[80],"attitude":[81,169,183],"via":[84],"association":[87,147],"test.":[88],"Our":[89],"results":[90,173],"showed":[91],"that":[92,162],"(1)":[93],"had":[99,111,165],"more":[100,166,180],"positive":[101,188],"interaction;":[107],"(2)":[108],"lower":[112],"state":[113,120],"than":[115,158],"adults,":[117,160],"however,":[118],"their":[119,193],"would":[122],"be":[123],"up":[124],"to":[125],"same":[127],"level":[128],"when":[132],"they":[133],"perceived":[134],"robot":[136],"higher":[138],"levels":[139],"personal":[141],"association;":[142],"(3)":[144],"between":[148],"negative":[151,168,181],"words":[152],"stronger":[154],"for":[155],"suggesting":[161],"robots.":[171,197],"The":[172],"suggest":[174],"that,":[175],"despite":[176],"relatively":[179],"robots,":[185],"personally":[186],"relevant":[187],"experiences":[189],"could":[190],"help":[191],"improve":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}