{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944756518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3310273.3323048","title":"The parameter optimization based on LVPSO algorithm for detecting multi-step attacks","display_name":"The parameter optimization based on LVPSO algorithm for detecting multi-step attacks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944756518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3310273.3323048","mag":"2944756518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3310273.3323048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3310273.3323048","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102722080","display_name":"Jianguo Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-9500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianguo Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101801918","display_name":"Qiwen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9471-1409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiwen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108660469","display_name":"Zhixin Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101613749","display_name":"Bin Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4260-9001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380514","display_name":"Wei Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3574-0661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiao Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"24","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.842229425907135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7538555860519409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.7156158089637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6131229996681213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5046945810317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.47757986187934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44469311833381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3310798406600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12657326459884644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.842229425907135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7538555860519409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.7156158089637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6131229996681213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5046945810317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47757986187934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44469311833381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3310798406600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12657326459884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3310273.3323048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3310273.3323048","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55208373","https://openalex.org/W1571139513","https://openalex.org/W1573657547","https://openalex.org/W1596084488","https://openalex.org/W1917220963","https://openalex.org/W1975869217","https://openalex.org/W2050375132","https://openalex.org/W2091384774","https://openalex.org/W2102941975","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2162327439","https://openalex.org/W2248651907","https://openalex.org/W2291023566","https://openalex.org/W2375604106","https://openalex.org/W2537328283","https://openalex.org/W2560932476","https://openalex.org/W2568394246","https://openalex.org/W2588942002","https://openalex.org/W2596608106","https://openalex.org/W2743455435","https://openalex.org/W2755588949","https://openalex.org/W2789525712","https://openalex.org/W2792581684","https://openalex.org/W2804073276","https://openalex.org/W2807104473","https://openalex.org/W6751899208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053269318","https://openalex.org/W2364370872","https://openalex.org/W2025614924","https://openalex.org/W2294335174","https://openalex.org/W2097963413","https://openalex.org/W3145575561","https://openalex.org/W2001275470","https://openalex.org/W2073996508","https://openalex.org/W1591475660","https://openalex.org/W2164162849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0],"to":[1,52,67,119,154],"detect":[2],"intrusion":[3],"attacks":[4,14,31,107],"is":[5,23,45,59,109,143,152],"a":[6,68,79,120,127],"big":[7],"challenge":[8],"for":[9],"network":[10,148],"administrators":[11],"since":[12],"the":[13,27,34,46,57,60,64,92,100,106,115,138,146,156,168,173,176],"involve":[15],"multi-step":[16,30,128],"nowadays.":[17],"The":[18],"hidden":[19],"markov":[20],"model":[21,116,131],"(HMM)":[22],"widely":[24],"used":[25,153],"in":[26,55,145,163],"field":[28],"of":[29,39,48,102,140,158,175],"detection.":[32,165],"However,":[33],"existing":[35],"traditional":[36],"Baum-Welch":[37],"algorithm":[38,61,82,151],"HMM":[40],"has":[41],"two":[42],"shortcomings:":[43],"one":[44],"number":[47,101,139],"attack":[49,103,129,141],"states":[50,104,142],"need":[51],"be":[53],"determined":[54],"advance,":[56],"other":[58],"may":[62],"make":[63,114],"parameters":[65,117],"converge":[66,118],"local":[69],"(not":[70],"overall)":[71],"optimal":[72,122],"solution.":[73,123],"In":[74],"this":[75],"paper,":[76],"we":[77,125],"propose":[78],"novel":[80],"LVPSO-HMM":[81,150],"based":[83],"on":[84,160,167],"variable":[85],"length":[86],"particle":[87],"swarm":[88],"optimization,":[89],"which":[90],"solves":[91],"shortcomings":[93],"mentioned":[94],"above.":[95],"Concretely,":[96],"it":[97,112],"can":[98,113],"optimize":[99],"when":[105,137],"state":[108],"unknown":[110,144],"and":[111],"global":[121],"Then,":[124],"present":[126],"detection":[130],"architecture":[132],"whose":[133],"main":[134],"idea":[135],"is,":[136],"actual":[147],"environment":[149],"solve":[155],"problem":[157],"relying":[159],"prior":[161],"knowledge":[162],"current":[164],"Experiments":[166],"well-known":[169],"Darpa2000":[170],"dataset":[171],"verify":[172],"efficiency":[174],"method.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
