{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2933625913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3309705","title":"Enabling Workload Engineering in Edge, Fog, and Cloud Computing through OpenStack-based Middleware","display_name":"Enabling Workload Engineering in Edge, Fog, and Cloud Computing through OpenStack-based Middleware","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2933625913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3309705","mag":"2933625913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3309705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3309705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97833917","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","issn_l":"1533-5399","issn":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025645976","display_name":"Giovanni Merlino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-7860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112862951","display_name":"University of Messina","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctdxz19","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Merlino","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Messina, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Messina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054189966","display_name":"Rustem Dautov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0260-6343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21203515","display_name":"Kazan Federal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05256ym39","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21203515"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rustem Dautov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0260-6343","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21203515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022103201","display_name":"Salvatore Distefano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2752-626X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21203515","display_name":"Kazan Federal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05256ym39","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21203515"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Distefano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Messina and Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Messina and Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21203515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043595191","display_name":"Dario Bruneo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-9077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112862951","display_name":"University of Messina","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctdxz19","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario Bruneo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Messina, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Messina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4555,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95838793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8943578004837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8701646327972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.6883178353309631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.6405245065689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.6131770610809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6050759553909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5728833079338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middleware","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","score":0.5334174036979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.47922807931900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.4529881775379181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"Fog computing","score":0.4288058280944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4152294993400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.26077425479888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0983213484287262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8943578004837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8701646327972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6883178353309631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.6405245065689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.6131770610809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6050759553909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5728833079338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169468491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146923","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","level":2,"score":0.5334174036979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.47922807931900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.4529881775379181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.4288058280944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4152294993400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.26077425479888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0983213484287262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3309705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3309705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97833917","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","issn_l":"1533-5399","issn":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554130893","https://openalex.org/W1837982953","https://openalex.org/W1924994176","https://openalex.org/W2012423440","https://openalex.org/W2017528085","https://openalex.org/W2048402506","https://openalex.org/W2097574493","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2261885288","https://openalex.org/W2289149676","https://openalex.org/W2297659249","https://openalex.org/W2322013807","https://openalex.org/W2326007942","https://openalex.org/W2413863213","https://openalex.org/W2417800902","https://openalex.org/W2477373179","https://openalex.org/W2484702693","https://openalex.org/W2502271038","https://openalex.org/W2533866537","https://openalex.org/W2548601994","https://openalex.org/W2565437603","https://openalex.org/W2565771816","https://openalex.org/W2586401762","https://openalex.org/W2586727473","https://openalex.org/W2589510348","https://openalex.org/W2594728687","https://openalex.org/W2727307896","https://openalex.org/W2736291694","https://openalex.org/W2755439918","https://openalex.org/W2768649200","https://openalex.org/W2785105341","https://openalex.org/W2786772278","https://openalex.org/W2886436806","https://openalex.org/W2892258624","https://openalex.org/W2948995623","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963283923","https://openalex.org/W6606939398"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310007397","https://openalex.org/W4213154119","https://openalex.org/W2770104838","https://openalex.org/W2896418752","https://openalex.org/W4383749321","https://openalex.org/W3092192291","https://openalex.org/W4293054626","https://openalex.org/W2942586735","https://openalex.org/W4214499119","https://openalex.org/W2894001169"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,135],"enable":[1,115,201],"and":[2,31,55,86,118,132,155,162,167,171,192,229],"support":[3],"smart":[4],"environments,":[5],"a":[6,41,95,138,178,227],"recent":[7],"ICT":[8],"trend":[9],"promotes":[10],"pushing":[11],"computation":[12],"from":[13],"the":[14,26,29,53,60,63,152,189,194,198,210,240],"remote":[15],"Cloud":[16,37,156,214],"as":[17,22,66,76,123,125,205],"close":[18],"to":[19,59,84,90,105,114,164,200,207,221],"data":[20,80,203],"sources":[21],"possible,":[23],"resulting":[24],"in":[25,44,129,226],"emergence":[27],"of":[28,121,180,242],"Fog":[30,61,106],"Edge":[32,54,72],"computing":[33,88],"paradigms.":[34],"Together":[35],"with":[36],"computing,":[38],"they":[39],"represent":[40],"stacked":[42],"architecture,":[43],"which":[45,148],"raw":[46],"datasets":[47],"are":[48,74],"first":[49],"pre-processed":[50],"locally":[51],"at":[52,94,151,209],"then":[56],"vertically":[57],"offloaded":[58],"and/or":[62],"Cloud.":[64],"However,":[65],"hardware":[67],"is":[68,112],"becoming":[69],"increasingly":[70],"powerful,":[71],"devices":[73],"seen":[75],"candidates":[77],"for":[78],"offering":[79],"processing":[81,208],"capabilities,":[82],"able":[83],"pool":[85],"share":[87],"resources":[89],"achieve":[91],"better":[92],"performance":[93],"lower":[96],"network":[97],"latency\u2014a":[98],"pattern":[99],"that":[100],"can":[101,158],"be":[102,159],"also":[103,218],"applied":[104],"nodes.":[107],"In":[108],"these":[109],"circumstances,":[110],"it":[111],"important":[113],"efficient,":[116],"intelligent,":[117],"balanced":[119],"allocation":[120],"resources,":[122],"well":[124],"their":[126],"further":[127],"orchestration,":[128],"an":[130,143,183],"elastic":[131],"transparent":[133],"manner.":[134],"address":[136],"such":[137,243],"requirement,":[139],"this":[140],"article":[141],"proposes":[142],"OpenStack-based":[144],"middleware":[145],"platform":[146],"through":[147,177],"resource":[149],"containers":[150],"Edge,":[153,190,211],"Fog,":[154,191,212],"levels":[157,215],"discovered,":[160],"combined,":[161],"provisioned":[163],"end":[165],"users":[166],"applications,":[168],"thereby":[169],"facilitating":[170],"orchestrating":[172],"offloading":[173,224],"processes.":[174],"As":[175],"demonstrated":[176,239],"proof":[179],"concept":[181],"on":[182],"intelligent":[184],"surveillance":[185],"system,":[186],"by":[187],"converging":[188],"Cloud,":[193],"proposed":[195],"architecture":[196],"has":[197],"potential":[199],"faster":[202],"processing,":[204],"compared":[206],"or":[213],"separately.":[216],"This":[217],"allows":[219],"architects":[220],"combine":[222],"different":[223],"patterns":[225],"flexible":[228],"fine-grained":[230],"manner,":[231],"thus":[232],"providing":[233],"new":[234],"workload":[235],"engineering":[236],"patterns.":[237],"Measurements":[238],"effectiveness":[241],"patterns,":[244],"even":[245],"outperforming":[246],"edge":[247],"clusters.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
