{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981380018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308561.3353771","title":"CaBot: Designing and Evaluating an Autonomous Navigation Robot for Blind People","display_name":"CaBot: Designing and Evaluating an Autonomous Navigation Robot for Blind People","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981380018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308561.3353771","mag":"2981380018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3308561.3353771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308561.3353771","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056433232","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Guerreiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0952-8368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Guerreiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022199266","display_name":"Daisuke Sato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7670-9177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daisuke Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087980213","display_name":"Saki Asakawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saki Asakawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016175741","display_name":"Huixu Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2582-6728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huixu Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037322163","display_name":"Kris Kitani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-4060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kris M. Kitani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091550931","display_name":"Chieko Asakawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-1305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chieko Asakawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University &amp; IBM Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University &amp; IBM Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056433232"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7889,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":163,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98162628,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"68","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7369554042816162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6341172456741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6282864809036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independence","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","score":0.5668237209320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot-navigation","display_name":"Mobile robot navigation","score":0.47692129015922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4736144244670868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.4719345271587372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/navigation-system","display_name":"Navigation system","score":0.4103420078754425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3978790044784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3695552349090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3450376093387604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3397110104560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-control","display_name":"Robot control","score":0.23739942908287048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7369554042816162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6341172456741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6282864809036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.5668237209320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26990112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887224","display_name":"Mobile robot navigation","level":5,"score":0.47692129015922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4736144244670868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.4719345271587372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777891301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3475123","display_name":"Navigation system","level":2,"score":0.4103420078754425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3978790044784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3695552349090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3450376093387604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3397110104560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.23739942908287048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3308561.3353771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308561.3353771","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54412692","https://openalex.org/W68561460","https://openalex.org/W141067695","https://openalex.org/W149921195","https://openalex.org/W162712217","https://openalex.org/W1411304795","https://openalex.org/W1482881554","https://openalex.org/W1505721457","https://openalex.org/W1509044488","https://openalex.org/W1584238570","https://openalex.org/W1597061958","https://openalex.org/W1930899833","https://openalex.org/W1962389200","https://openalex.org/W1964050683","https://openalex.org/W1969071914","https://openalex.org/W1969173200","https://openalex.org/W1970071868","https://openalex.org/W1972732855","https://openalex.org/W1980343433","https://openalex.org/W1980670578","https://openalex.org/W1992279871","https://openalex.org/W1993600653","https://openalex.org/W1999506129","https://openalex.org/W2007961657","https://openalex.org/W2013676769","https://openalex.org/W2017967298","https://openalex.org/W2023375891","https://openalex.org/W2023466723","https://openalex.org/W2028187955","https://openalex.org/W2033563428","https://openalex.org/W2034826838","https://openalex.org/W2038932614","https://openalex.org/W2045450224","https://openalex.org/W2060267590","https://openalex.org/W2061118406","https://openalex.org/W2064907108","https://openalex.org/W2072133687","https://openalex.org/W2081271690","https://openalex.org/W2091985678","https://openalex.org/W2108413511","https://openalex.org/W2111026707","https://openalex.org/W2117211893","https://openalex.org/W2120436369","https://openalex.org/W2123436043","https://openalex.org/W2129793894","https://openalex.org/W2130610946","https://openalex.org/W2150794650","https://openalex.org/W2152922274","https://openalex.org/W2158897393","https://openalex.org/W2172282005","https://openalex.org/W2214650344","https://openalex.org/W2343174257","https://openalex.org/W2343483042","https://openalex.org/W2508471752","https://openalex.org/W2509894563","https://openalex.org/W2512654307","https://openalex.org/W2548111808","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2597917962","https://openalex.org/W2606453423","https://openalex.org/W2610419222","https://openalex.org/W2730943066","https://openalex.org/W2748108117","https://openalex.org/W2749303813","https://openalex.org/W2750019276","https://openalex.org/W2753626343","https://openalex.org/W2765252989","https://openalex.org/W2766328169","https://openalex.org/W2766927845","https://openalex.org/W2790493375","https://openalex.org/W2792181177","https://openalex.org/W2793775956","https://openalex.org/W2795402370","https://openalex.org/W2810052937","https://openalex.org/W2886343384","https://openalex.org/W2889628315","https://openalex.org/W2890966022","https://openalex.org/W2901136733","https://openalex.org/W2940779895","https://openalex.org/W2942317103","https://openalex.org/W4236023519","https://openalex.org/W4236070553","https://openalex.org/W4241240729","https://openalex.org/W4249338428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093507260","https://openalex.org/W2562628082","https://openalex.org/W2378318959","https://openalex.org/W2083994890","https://openalex.org/W2369541203","https://openalex.org/W2360994936","https://openalex.org/W3081536868","https://openalex.org/W2523265608","https://openalex.org/W2122735287","https://openalex.org/W2324656256"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Navigation":[0],"robots":[1,130],"have":[2],"the":[3,9,27,137],"potential":[4],"to":[5,41,45,73,78,88,108,135],"overcome":[6],"some":[7],"of":[8,11,29,66,121,141],"limitations":[10],"traditional":[12],"navigation":[13,36,86,129],"aids":[14],"for":[15],"blind":[16,43,61,142],"people,":[17,143],"specially":[18],"in":[19,144,146],"unfamiliar":[20,147],"environments.":[21,148],"In":[22],"this":[23],"paper,":[24],"we":[25],"present":[26],"design":[28],"CaBot":[30,126],"(Carry-on":[31],"roBot),":[32],"an":[33],"autonomous":[34,128],"suitcase-shaped":[35],"robot":[37],"that":[38,97],"is":[39],"able":[40],"guide":[42,112],"users":[44,62],"a":[46,56,70,111,132],"destination":[47],"while":[48],"avoiding":[49],"obstacles":[50],"on":[51,125],"their":[52,80,92],"path.":[53],"We":[54,95],"conducted":[55],"user":[57],"study":[58],"where":[59],"ten":[60],"evaluated":[63],"specific":[64],"functionalities":[65],"CaBot,":[67],"such":[68],"as":[69,131],"vibro-tactile":[71],"handle":[72],"convey":[74],"directional":[75],"feedback;":[76],"experimented":[77],"find":[79],"comfortable":[81],"walking":[82],"speed;":[83],"and":[84,123,139],"performed":[85],"tasks":[87],"provide":[89],"feedback":[90],"about":[91],"overall":[93],"experience.":[94],"found":[96],"CaBot's":[98],"performance":[99],"highly":[100],"exceeded":[101],"users'":[102],"expectations,":[103],"who":[104],"often":[105],"compared":[106],"it":[107],"navigating":[109],"with":[110],"dog":[113],"or":[114],"sighted":[115],"guide.":[116],"Users'":[117],"high":[118],"confidence,":[119],"sense":[120],"safety,":[122],"trust":[124],"poses":[127],"promising":[133],"solution":[134],"increase":[136],"mobility":[138],"independence":[140],"particular":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
