{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914064919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308560.3316735","title":"Red Bots Do It Better:Comparative Analysis of Social Bot Partisan Behavior","display_name":"Red Bots Do It Better:Comparative Analysis of Social Bot Partisan Behavior","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914064919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308560.3316735","mag":"2914064919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3308560.3316735","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308560.3316735","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of The 2019 World Wide Web Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308560.3316735","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088304530","display_name":"Luca Luceri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5267-7484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15196421","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland","ror":"https://ror.org/05ep8g269","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15196421"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luca Luceri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, and Univ. of Bern"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, and Univ. of Bern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15196421","https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075831785","display_name":"Ashok Deb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-2262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"Southern California University for Professional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashok Deb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040515977","display_name":"Adam Badawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6004-1232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"Southern California University for Professional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Badawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078699564","display_name":"Emilio Ferrara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1942-2831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"Southern California University for Professional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilio Ferrara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088304530"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535","https://openalex.org/I15196421"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":34.6036,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9970164,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1007","last_page":"1012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.746523916721344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideology","display_name":"Ideology","score":0.7265724539756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-opinion","display_name":"Public opinion","score":0.6535366177558899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6186877489089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.6148272752761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.4673004150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.45701128244400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.43529990315437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.435190886259079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3853064477443695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3454590439796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2592400908470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.14441907405853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13058072328567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.10672542452812195}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.746523916721344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.7265724539756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.6535366177558899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6186877489089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6148272752761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4673004150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.45701128244400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.43529990315437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.435190886259079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3853064477443695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3454590439796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2592400908470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14441907405853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13058072328567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.10672542452812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3308560.3316735","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308560.3316735","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of The 2019 World Wide Web Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boris.unibe.ch:131225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/131225/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401086","display_name":"Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","host_organization_name":"University of Bern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Luca, Luceri; Ashok, Deb; Adam, Badawy; Emilio, Ferrara (17 May 2019). Red Bots Do It Better: Comparative Analysis of Social Bot Partisan Behavior. In: WWW \u201919 Companion. WWW '19 Companion Proceedings of The 2019 World Wide Web Conference (pp. 1007-1012). New York: ACM 10.1145/3308560.3316735 &lt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3308560.3316735&gt;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"doi:10.7892/boris.131225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.131225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053152","display_name":"Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3308560.3316735","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308560.3316735","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of The 2019 World Wide Web Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1072749480","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-17","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1523888516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2495815327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9550-17-1-0327","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G260750634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-17-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2641585715","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-17-1-032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4763143093","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-17-1-0327","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5809100787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","display_name":"CHIST-ERA","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1837843568","https://openalex.org/W1904898195","https://openalex.org/W2028695285","https://openalex.org/W2263846226","https://openalex.org/W2278635123","https://openalex.org/W2473006944","https://openalex.org/W2583516892","https://openalex.org/W2603417611","https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2787296320","https://openalex.org/W2885316213","https://openalex.org/W2900936184","https://openalex.org/W2910172717","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2915809541","https://openalex.org/W2963062084","https://openalex.org/W3098249847","https://openalex.org/W3104378754","https://openalex.org/W3124887637","https://openalex.org/W3125182500"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2358556841","https://openalex.org/W2393918707","https://openalex.org/W2347506984","https://openalex.org/W2356608624","https://openalex.org/W2389874476","https://openalex.org/W2357886583","https://openalex.org/W2381639109","https://openalex.org/W2948332946","https://openalex.org/W568300272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"research":[1,78],"brought":[2],"awareness":[3],"of":[4,7,16,19,25],"the":[5,13,23,36,39,62,72],"issue":[6],"bots":[8,83],"on":[9],"social":[10,46,82],"media":[11],"and":[12,44,49,85,100],"significant":[14],"risks":[15],"mass":[17],"manipulation":[18],"public":[20],"opinion":[21],"in":[22,109],"context":[24],"political":[26,90],"discussion.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"work,":[30],"we":[31,94],"leverage":[32],"Twitter":[33],"to":[34,75,88],"study":[35],"discourse":[37],"during":[38],"2018":[40],"US":[41],"midterm":[42],"elections":[43],"analyze":[45],"bot":[47,107],"activity":[48],"interactions":[50],"with":[51],"humans.":[52],"We":[53,70],"collected":[54,73],"2.6":[55],"million":[56,68],"tweets":[57,74],"for":[58],"42":[59],"days":[60],"around":[61],"election":[63],"day":[64],"from":[65],"nearly":[66],"1":[67],"users.":[69],"use":[71],"answer":[76],"three":[77],"questions:":[79],"(i)":[80],"Do":[81],"lean":[84],"behave":[86],"according":[87],"a":[89],"ideology?":[91],"(ii)":[92],"Can":[93],"observe":[95],"different":[96],"strategies":[97,108],"among":[98],"liberal":[99],"conservative":[101],"bots?":[102],"(iii)":[103],"How":[104],"effective":[105],"are":[106],"engaging":[110],"humans?":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
