{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914533952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313726","title":"City-Wide Signal Strength Maps: Prediction with Random Forests","display_name":"City-Wide Signal Strength Maps: Prediction with Random Forests","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914533952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313726","mag":"2914533952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3308558.3313726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313726","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3308558.3313726","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Wide Web Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3308558.3313726","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062742942","display_name":"Emmanouil Alimpertis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8005-3019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanouil Alimpertis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013543313","display_name":"Athina Markopoulou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-8675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athina Markopoulou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039651585","display_name":"Carter T. Butts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-9834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carter Butts","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042745248","display_name":"Konstantinos Psounis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6342-1078"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Psounis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Souther California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Souther California, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3906,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92750987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2536","last_page":"2542"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.8561471700668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.8475630283355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7412458062171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"Signal strength","score":0.694146990776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5645369291305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.5207364559173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-prediction-error","display_name":"Mean squared prediction error","score":0.5186368823051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.47703999280929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.45646774768829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4421652853488922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.44049254059791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.42402416467666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4147205948829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3983657658100128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.10298767685890198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10074031352996826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.8561471700668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.8475630283355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7412458062171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.694146990776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5645369291305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.5207364559173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167085575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803654","display_name":"Mean squared prediction error","level":2,"score":0.5186368823051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47703999280929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.45646774768829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4421652853488922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.44049254059791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.42402416467666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4147205948829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3983657658100128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.10298767685890198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10074031352996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3308558.3313726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313726","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3308558.3313726","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Wide Web Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3308558.3313726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313726","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3308558.3313726","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Wide Web Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3630645384","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1649372","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5661298342","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1526736","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7440640472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1444060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310570","display_name":"Broadcom Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/035gt5s03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332688","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914533952.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914533952.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151377110","https://openalex.org/W1490921409","https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W2017806736","https://openalex.org/W2035166990","https://openalex.org/W2051215417","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2122735016","https://openalex.org/W2124541664","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2160160578","https://openalex.org/W2160691714","https://openalex.org/W2488477424","https://openalex.org/W2510834888","https://openalex.org/W2512270209","https://openalex.org/W2579756712","https://openalex.org/W2604450515","https://openalex.org/W2741901456","https://openalex.org/W2762370153","https://openalex.org/W2762523185","https://openalex.org/W2763396707","https://openalex.org/W2789572951","https://openalex.org/W2807864322","https://openalex.org/W2903338609","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3147028311","https://openalex.org/W6675354045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3191198889","https://openalex.org/W2802491896","https://openalex.org/W3206479590","https://openalex.org/W2144237138","https://openalex.org/W2150776916","https://openalex.org/W2811187992","https://openalex.org/W3042921537","https://openalex.org/W803509314","https://openalex.org/W2132491819","https://openalex.org/W2963499961"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Signal":[0],"strength":[1,44],"maps":[2,45],"are":[3,17],"of":[4,61,92,121,128,138],"great":[5],"importance":[6],"to":[7,19,41,96,133],"cellular":[8],"providers":[9],"for":[10,105,117],"network":[11],"planning":[12],"and":[13,21,73,90,154,161],"operation,":[14],"however":[15],"they":[16],"expensive":[18],"obtain":[20],"possibly":[22],"limited":[23,47],"or":[24,110],"inaccurate":[25],"in":[26],"some":[27],"locations.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"paper,":[31],"we":[32,50,124],"develop":[33],"a":[34,52,58,143,151,166],"prediction":[35,88,108,140],"framework":[36],"based":[37],"on":[38,150],"random":[39,53],"forests":[40,54],"improve":[42,84],"signal":[43],"from":[46],"measurements.":[48,122],"First,":[49],"propose":[51],"(RFs)-based":[55],"predictor,":[56],"with":[57],"rich":[59],"set":[60],"features":[62],"including":[63],"location":[64],"as":[65,67],"well":[66],"time,":[68],"cell":[69],"ID,":[70],"device":[71],"hardware":[72],"other":[74],"features.":[75],"We":[76],"show":[77],"that":[78],"our":[79],"RFs-based":[80],"predictor":[81],"can":[82],"significantly":[83],"the":[85,106,112,118,136],"tradeoff":[86],"between":[87],"error":[89,114],"number":[91,120],"measurements":[93,104],"needed":[94],"compared":[95],"state-of-the-art":[97],"data-driven":[98],"predictors,":[99],"i.e.,":[100],"requiring":[101],"80%":[102],"less":[103],"same":[107,119],"accuracy,":[109],"reduces":[111],"relative":[113],"by":[115,165],"17%":[116],"Second,":[123],"leverage":[125],"two":[126],"types":[127],"real-world":[129],"LTE":[130],"RSRP":[131],"datasets":[132],"evaluate":[134],"into":[135],"performance":[137],"different":[139],"methods:":[141],"(i)":[142],"small":[144],"but":[145,158],"dense":[146],"Campus":[147],"dataset,":[148],"collected":[149],"university":[152],"campus":[153],"(ii)":[155],"several":[156],"large":[157],"sparser":[159],"NYC":[160],"LA":[162],"datasets,":[163],"provided":[164],"mobile":[167],"data":[168],"analytics":[169],"company.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}